A preliminary experimental quantification on effect of parallel airflow on flame projection distance and height of horizontal jet fire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Longhua Hu ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Projection Distance

Modeling the Vehicle-Bicycle Collision - The Analysis of the Projection Distance and Acceleration at the Cyclist's Head

2018 ◽  
Vol 880 ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Victoria Oţăt ◽  
Ilie Dumitru ◽  
Victor Oţăt ◽  
Lucian Matei
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Speed Variation ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Collision Type ◽  
Projection Distance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Head Area ◽  
Road Traffic Networks

The ever-growing demand for transportation and the need to carry both people and goods has led to increased congestions of road traffic networks. Subsequently, the main negative effect is the multiplication of serious road accidents. Of the total number of serious road accidents, a significant increase has been registered among cyclists, with 13.9% in 2014 of total vehicles involved in traffic accidents, compared to 6.6% in 2010. The present paper underpins a close analysis of the kinematic and dynamic parameters in the event of a vehicle - bicycle – cyclist assembly – collision type. To study the vehicle-bicycle-collision type, we carried out a comparative analysis with regard to the distance the cyclist is thrown away following the collision, the speed variation of the vehicle and of the bicycle, and the speed variation in the cyclist’s head area, as well as the variation of the acceleration recorded on the vehicle, the bicycle and the cyclist’s head area. Hence, we modelled and simulated the vehicle – bicycle collision for two distinct instances, i.e. a frontal vehicle – rear bicycle collision and a frontal vehicle - frontal bicycle collision.

Adaptive thresholding of tomograms by projection distance minimization

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2297-2305 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Batenburg ◽  
J. Sijbers
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Thresholding ◽  
Projection Distance ◽  
Distance Minimization

scholarly journals Development of Slim Projection TV with New Optical System of Very Short Projection Distance.

1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-582
Author(s):  
Kyohei Fukuda ◽  
Kouji Hirata ◽  
Hiroki Yoshikawa ◽  
Masayuki Muranaka
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Projection Distance

scholarly journals Pedestrian-Vehicle Accidents Reconstruction with PC-Crash®: Sensibility Analysis of Factors Variation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Martínez Gala
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Projection Distance ◽  
Road Friction ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
Sensibility Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Full Factorial

This paper describes the main findings of a study performed by INSIA-UPM about the improvement of the reconstruction process of real world vehicle-pedestrian accidents using PC-Crash® software, aimed to develop a software tool for the estimation of the variability of the collision speed due to the lack of real values of some parameters required during the reconstruction task. The methodology has been based on a sensibility analysis of the factors variation. A total of 9 factors have been analyzed with the objective of identifying which ones were significant. Four of them (pedestrian height, collision angle, hood height and pedestrian-road friction coefficient) were significant and were included in a full factorial experiment with the collision speed as an additional factor in order to obtain a regression model with up to third level interactions. Two different factorial experiments with the same structure have been performed because of pedestrian gender differences. The tool has been created as a collision speed predictor based on the regression models obtained, using the 4 significant factors and the projection distance measured or estimated in the accident site. The tool has been used on the analysis of real-world reconstructed accidents occurred in the city of Madrid (Spain). The results have been adequate in most cases with less than 10% of deviation between the predicted speed and the one estimated in the reconstructions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3467

scholarly journals How far actually is the Galactic Center IRS 13E3 from Sagittarius A*?

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Tsuboi ◽  
Yoshimi Kitamura ◽  
Takahiro Tsutsumi ◽  
Ryosuke Miyawaki ◽  
Makoto Miyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Center ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Recombination Line ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Sagittarius A ◽  
Projection Distance ◽  
Spectroscopic Information ◽  
Sgr A

Abstract The Galactic Center IRS 13E cluster is a very intriguing infrared object located at ${\sim } 0.13$ pc from Sagittarius A$^\ast$ (Sgr A$^\ast$) in projection distance. There are arguments both for and against the hypothesis that a dark mass like an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH) exists in the cluster. We recently detected the rotating ionized gas ring around IRS 13E3, which belongs to the cluster, in the H30$\alpha$ recombination line using ALMA. The enclosed mass is derived to be $M_{\mathrm{encl.}}\simeq 2\times 10^{4}\, M_\odot$, which agrees with an IMBH and is barely less than the astrometric upper limit mass of an IMBH around Sgr A$^\ast$. Because the limit mass depends on the true three-dimensional (3D) distance from Sgr A$^\ast$, it is very important to determine it observationally. However, the 3D distance is indefinite because it is hard to determine the line-of-sight (LOS) distance by usual methods. We attempt here to estimate the LOS distance from spectroscopic information. The CH$_3$OH molecule is easily destroyed by the cosmic rays around Sgr A$^{\ast }$. However, we detected a highly excited CH$_3$OH emission line in the ionized gas stream associated with IRS 13E3. This indicates that IRS 13E3 is located at $r\gtrsim 0.4$ pc from Sgr A$^{\ast }$.

Projected Afterimages after Manipulation of Cognitive Schemes in Adults

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudmund J. W. Smith ◽  
Lena Sjoeholm
Keyword(s):  
Physical Reality ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Projection Distance ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Old Men

Members of 14 pairs of 21-yr.-old men, matched with respect to general intelligence and educational background, were given different afterimage (AI) theories. One member was told that AIs are almost exclusively determined by subjective factors, the other that they are mainly controlled by the environment and, that phenomenologically they scarcely differ from real objects. In a subsequent AI experiment, with a projection distance 1.5 times the stimulation distance, the latter member reported images smaller than Emmert size, as well as positive hues, significantly more often than the former member, i.e., his AIs were more “childish” than those of the member encouraged to isolate his AI from the surrounding physical reality.

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