A Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of the Pukenui Limestone and Hautotara Formation, Southeastern Wairarapa, New Zealand

<p>Two sections from the northern part of the Nga-Waka-A-Kupe Range have been documented in detail. Both sections were expected to cut through sediments of Pleistocene age which at the southern end of the range have been attributed to the Greycliffs Formation, Pukenui Limestone, Hautotara and Te Muna Formations. The Longbush Road section only included the upper Pukenui Limestone to Hautotara Formation. The Hinakura Road section was as expected and included the entire Pukenui Limestone and Hautotara Formation. Previous works in the Popes Head area have recognised the same sequence there. However, only a few correlations can confidently be made between the two areas. This is largely due to the Pukenui Limestone at Popes Head exhibiting a markedly different set of facies to the section in the southern part of the range – its type section. The facies analysis on the two sections here reveals that the depositional environment for the Pukenui Limestone in the Popes Head area is of a near-coastal environment close to the discharge of a large river, where the nearby type section is interpreted as representing deeper marine conditions. The differences in environments could be due to shallowing section or increased discharge from the river in the Popes Head area. More likely, however, it is a combination of these two factors that result in a shallow-water facies.</p>

A Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of the Pukenui Limestone and Hautotara Formation, Southeastern Wairarapa, New Zealand

<p>Two sections from the northern part of the Nga-Waka-A-Kupe Range have been documented in detail. Both sections were expected to cut through sediments of Pleistocene age which at the southern end of the range have been attributed to the Greycliffs Formation, Pukenui Limestone, Hautotara and Te Muna Formations. The Longbush Road section only included the upper Pukenui Limestone to Hautotara Formation. The Hinakura Road section was as expected and included the entire Pukenui Limestone and Hautotara Formation. Previous works in the Popes Head area have recognised the same sequence there. However, only a few correlations can confidently be made between the two areas. This is largely due to the Pukenui Limestone at Popes Head exhibiting a markedly different set of facies to the section in the southern part of the range – its type section. The facies analysis on the two sections here reveals that the depositional environment for the Pukenui Limestone in the Popes Head area is of a near-coastal environment close to the discharge of a large river, where the nearby type section is interpreted as representing deeper marine conditions. The differences in environments could be due to shallowing section or increased discharge from the river in the Popes Head area. More likely, however, it is a combination of these two factors that result in a shallow-water facies.</p>

PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ORNITHOBACTERIOSIS IN ORNAMENTAL PIGEONS

The paper presents the results of the study of pathomorphological changes in organs in ornithobacteriosis in decorative pigeons with the establishment of the underlying disease, including the pathological signs associated and pathognomonic for the disease. The objects of the study were the corpses of fallen pigeons of the English postal and peacock breeds, at the age of 2-3 years, kept in a private farm on the territory of the Yemelyanovskiy district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Bacteriological examination of the material revealed the causative agent of ornithobacteriosis (Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale), and the causative agent of colibacillosis (Escherichia coli) was also found in 70,0 % of cases. In 70 % of the individuals, a complication was observed in the form of colibacillosis, characterized by serous-catarrhal gastroenterocolitis, spleen hyperplasia, and serous polyarthritis, to the underlying disease. The features of ornithobacterial infection in pigeons include the absence of pronounced serous-inflammatory edema of soft tissues in the head area, signs of serous-fibrinous aerosacculitis and the onset of the disease in birds of the older age group (2-5 years).

Sperm preparedness and adaptation to osmotic and pH stressors relate to functional competence of sperm in Bos taurus

The adaptive ability of sperm in the female reproductive tract micromilieu signifies the successful fertilization process. The study aimed to analyze the preparedness of sperm to the prevailing osmotic and pH stressors in the female reproductive tract. Fresh bovine sperm were incubated in 290 (isosmotic-control), 355 (hyperosmotic-uterus and oviduct), and 420 (hyperosmotic-control) mOsm/kg and each with pH of 6.8 (uterus) and 7.4 (oviduct). During incubation, the changes in sperm functional attributes were studied. Sperm kinematics and head area decreased significantly (p < 0.05) immediately upon exposure to hyperosmotic stress at both pH. Proportion of sperm capacitated (%) in 355 mOsm/kg at 1 and 2 h of incubation were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in 290 mOsm media. The magnitude and duration of recovery of sperm progressive motility in 355 mOsm with pH 7.4 was correlated with the ejaculate rejection rate (R2 = 0.7). Using this information, the bulls were divided into good (n = 5) and poor (n = 5) osmo-adapters. The osmo-responsive genes such as NFAT5, HSP90AB1, SLC9C1, ADAM1B and GAPDH were upregulated (p < 0.05) in the sperm of good osmo-adapters. The study suggests that sperm are prepared for the osmotic and pH challenges in the female reproductive tract and the osmoadaptive ability is associated with ejaculate quality in bulls.

Preliminary Results of Vitamin D3 Application Combined With Anisodamine In the Treatment of Alopecia Areata in Children

Alopecia areata is a form of inflammatory hair loss that has been known for a long time, but its cause is largely unexplored. It is characterized by the patient's hair falling out in a circular pattern, which is why this disease is also called circular hair loss. This occurs in 80% of cases in the head area but can also affect the beard in men and in exceptional cases the entire body hair.

Changes in Haircut Shapes by Mixing Medium-Graduation Haircut and Same Layer Haircut According to the Division of Head and Slice Lines During Hair Cutting Ⅱ

Purpose: To provide basic data for haircut style education by applying a combination of two basic hair cut styles, medium-graduation cut and the same layer cut based on the division of the scalp, and demonstrating change of shape and length of the cut depending on the location of the slice lines.Method: After the division of the hair into the front side point-golden point+2 (F-G+2), side point-golden back medium point+1 (S-GBMP+1), and ear point-back point (E-B), the same layer cut, and medium-graduation cut were applied to the upper and lower part, respectively. Finally, the hair cut was completed using the slice lines of A-line, parallel line, and V line.Result: After dividing the hair, the same layer cut was applied to the upper part and the medium-graduation cut to the lower part. Due to this, there were changes in the shape of the haircut and the length of the hair, depending on the location of division, and the shape lines were affected by slice lines of the medium-graduation cut.Conclusion: The combination of medium gradation cut and the same layer cut applied to the head area demonstrated that predictable and creative cut design is possible because the volume and layer level can be adjusted according to the area’s location.

FEATURES OF THE TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE LYMPHATIC CENTERS AND COLLECTORS DURING SURGICAL OPERATIONS IN THE HEAD AREA IN DOGS

The article presents the features of the topographic anatomy of the lymphatic centers and collectors of the head area in dogs. The interrelationships of the cellular and vascular parts of the lymphatic system, as well as the organs associated with them, are established. The features of the structure of the mandibular, medial retropharyngeal and facial lymph nodes are described. Statistics on their availability are provided. The study also presents a detailed lymph supply to the orbital region and its significance in the pathogenesis of ophthalmopathies. Anatomical and topographic maps developed by the authors are of practical importance for all surgical interventions in the head area.

Epizootological features and clinical manifestation of cat chlamydiosis in Poltava

The article presents epizootological data and clinical signs of feline chlamydia in Poltava. According to the results of studies in 2018–2020, a wide spread of chlamydia infection among cats in the city of Poltava was established. The largest number of the studied cats, were pedigree or crossbred. There was no explicit clear seasonality, but a greater number of cases of respiratory diseases were recorded in the autumn-winter period of the year. In the structure of infectious diseases during the research period, chlamydia mono-infection was registered in 68 % of cats, association of chlamydia with infectious rhinotracheitis in 18.5 %, kalitsivirus infection in 8.6 %, with panleukopenia in 4.9 %. The greatest number of the registered cats had acute and subacute course of chlamydia. In the acute course, there was an increase in temperature, oppression and refusal to eat. In the majority of cases of acute, subacute and associated chlamydia, the structures of the eye were damaged. Conjunctivitis, keratitis, chemosis, uveitis, third eyelid inflammation, changes in the shape of the pupil developed. A Sphynx breed cat showed signs of acute chlamydial arthritis with pronounced inflammatory edema. The latent course was accompanied by abortions, which were mainly registered in young cats. Animals older than four years more often showed stillborn and weak kittens. The main clinical signs of chlamydia in kittens born from sick cats were eye lesions: swelling of the conjunctiva, its reddening and secretion of a significant amount of brown purulent exudate with the viscosity of the catarrh and as a consequence of eyelid adhesion and complications as ankyloblepharon or symblepharon. Submandibular and other lymph nodes in the head area were significantly enlarged. Often pus dried up near the mouth or nostrils. Pus crusts accumulated in the nasal cavity and prevented breathing. Gastrointestinal tract disorders were observed in some cases. Part of the affected litter died within the first three days after birth. Neonatal chlamydia was more often manifested by conjunctivitis, keratitis, panophthalmitis and growth retardation. On the second or third day after birth, the kittens showed weakness and lack of appetite. In two cases of neonatal chlamydia, bronchopneumonia developed. When chlamydia and infectious rhinotracheitis were associated, the structures of the eye were affected in all cases. These lesions could be different and depended on the stage of the infectious process.

The effectiveness of the photobioacoustic complex in children with somatoform autonomic dysfunction suffering from frequent acute recurrent infections

Purpose: To optimize the treatment of children with somatoform autonomic dysfunction suffering from frequent acute recurrent infections with the use of physiotherapy methods. Research methods: The study of 140 children with somatoform autonomic dysfunction suffering from frequent recurrent infections included the analysis of the data on developmental histories (form № 026/in «Children’s Medical Card for School» and form 112/ «History of Child Development»), clinical complaints, functional (ECG and cardiointerval recording) and vegetative indicators (Kerdo, Hildebrandt, Baevsky-Parin indices) before and after the use of the photobioacoustic complex, which includes: biofeedback bioacoustic impact on the head area and LLLR on the projection of the cubital area and thymus. The ECG was performed on the device of the «Shiller» company (Switzerland) with a computer console for cardiointerval recording. The vegetative indices were studied on the «Poly-Spectr» device of Neurosoft (Russia). LLLR was performed on the «Milta» (l=0,89 mcm) on the overhead projection area at a frequency of 80Hz for 5 minutes and on the projection zone of the thymus at a frequency of 1500 Hz for 3minutes, as responsible for immune support. The total duration is 8–9 minutes (children of 7–8 years — 5–8 minutes; children of 9–12 years — 8–9 minutes). Bioacoustic effects on the head area were performed on the hardware-computer complex of acoustic correction (biofeedback bioacoustic correction) «SINKHRO-S» (Russia). Results: Parasympathicotonia (VI) was identified in 35% (18,5% of boys, 16,4% of girls); sympathicotonia (SA) — in 54,1% (28,5% of boys, 25,7% of girls); a mixed type of vegetative dystonia — in 10,9% (4,4% of boys, 6,5% of girls). Subjective complaints of children with somatoform autonomic dysfunction suffering from frequent recurrent infections had a brighter picture than those of children without an infectious factor. Gender-age differences in subjective complaints of children with somatoform autonomic dysfunction, which correlated with vegetative types: sympathoadrenal (SA), parasympathetic or vagoinsular (VI) and mixed (eutonia, C), have been identified. Conclusion: The developed photobioacoustic complex provides a high correction of index indicators of vegetative tension and vegetative reactivity in children with elevated Kerdo and Baevsky-Parin indices. After the reduction of these indicators, the elimination of correlations between them was noted, which positively affected the vegetative reactivity and parameters of myocardial bioelectrogenesis.

INFECTION OF PEOPLE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH DIROFILARIASIS

Wide circulation of the causative agent of dirofilariasis in the natural environment and the lack of appropriate measures to identify and deworm infected animals – obligate definitive hosts (domestic dogs and cats) promotes infestation by the human helminth infections. The aim of the study is to analyze the incidence of dirofilariasis in people according to official statistics. The analysis of 52 surveillance maps collected for 2019, 2020 and official statistics on the incidence of parasitic diseases for 2019 was carried out. The analysis of the surveillance maps showed that dirofilariasis is most often registered in the south of Russia (the share of the Southern and Volga Federal Districts accounts for more than 50% of registered patients), the main group of patients with dirofilariasis falls on 30–39 year old people and older 60 years old or more (23.1%, respectively). The structure of patients with dirofilariasis is dominated by women (65.2%). Infestation is more often registered in urban residents (75%). Almost half of the removed dirofilaria, were localized in the head area (weight share of 44.2%). Among the removed helminths, females predominated (80.8%), of which 72.7% were immature. Cases of human infestation with dirofilariasis are registered throughout the Russian Federation, with the exception of the northern regions. Despite the increase in the proportion of Dirofilaria immitis, especially in the south of Russia, the disease caused by Dirofilaria repens and extremely rarely D. immitis are registered in people on the territory of the Russian Federation. It is possible that in this case there is a hypodiagnostic invasion of D. immitis.