A Critical Review of Works Pertinent to the Einstein-Bohr Debate and Bell’s Theorem

This review is related to the Einstein-Bohr debate and to Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen’s (EPR) and Bohm’s (EPRB) Gedanken-experiments as well as their realization in actual experiments. I examine a significant number of papers, from my minority point of view and conclude that the well-known theorems of Bell and Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt (CHSH) deal with mathematical abstractions that have only a tenuous relation to quantum theory and the actual EPRB experiments. It is also shown that, therefore, Bell-CHSH cannot be used to assess the nature of quantum entanglement, nor can physical features of entanglement be used to prove Bell-CHSH. Their proofs are, among other factors, based on a statistical sampling argument that is invalid for general physical entities and processes and only applicable for finite “populations”; not for elements of physical reality that are linked, for example, to a time-like continuum. Bell-CHSH have, furthermore, neglected the subtleties of the theorem of Vorob’ev that includes their theorems as special cases. Vorob’ev found that certain combinatorial-topological cyclicities of classical random variables form a necessary and sufficient condition for the constraints that are now known as Bell-CHSH inequalities. These constraints, however, must not be linked to the observables of quantum theory nor to the actual EPRB experiments for a variety of reasons, including the existence of continuum-related variables and appropriate considerations of symmetry.

The Concept of Identity in the Technological Era

We are currently witnessing a process of redefinition of the social structures that we are part of, through the new technologies, which are gradually entering all sectors of our lives, influencing the way we think, live, and relate to others. Since man is essentially a “political animal”, designed to evolve within a community, what impact will the digitalization era have on his behavior, especially when the physical limits imposed by the body are progressively disappearing? The objective of this study is to explore some of the subtle, but sure transformations of human behavior in the technological era, with a particular emphasis on the process of communication, personal feelings, and identity. In a more connected world than ever, where absolutely everything can be quantified, physical reality is in danger of being replaced by the virtual one. In this dynamic, the body could gradually become the only real impediment on the way to progress. Engaged in this alert race, we risk being dehumanized, in an attempt to be as similar as possible to the machines, which, undisturbed by the feelings, experiences, and behavioral predispositions specific to the human being, operate more accurately and are more effective. History shows that man essentially remains the same, with each age illustrating another facet of him. This is why, a thorough education from an early age is needed both in terms of the consequences of digitization and the means to cope with it, thus preventing us from distorting our essence.

The Physics Laboratory Works – Individualized Computer Simulations

The physics laboratory-works creating and operating computer simulations experience is described. A significant amount of laboratory works can be classified as a “black box”. The studied physical phenomenon is hidden from direct observation, the control is carried out by means of electrical measuring devices. It is difficult to distinguish physical reality from its imitation when performing such work, so the virtualization of this one does not require realistic images. The schematic representation of the laboratory installation greatly simplifies the process of creating a simulator. A unique set of installation parameters is formed for each student performing laboratory work on the simulator, which contributes to the independence of the student's work. These parameters are stored in Google Sheets. Their transfer to the laboratory work’s html-template is carried out in encrypted form through the Google Apps Script service. Virtual laboratory work is implemented as a cross-platform web application.

Systematic Regulation of Personal Information Rights in the Era of Big Data

Big data has an important impact on people’s production and life. The existing legal and judicial protection, sanctions, and mechanisms for the enforcement of information rights have proved insufficient to stem the serious consequences of rampant leakage and illegal activity. Based on Information Full Life Cycle Theory, this article combines qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, uses data from the Survey Report on App Personal Information Leakage released by China Consumers Association as an example, and finds that illegal access, illegal provisions, and illegal transactions have become important sources of personal information leakage. The main reasons for this problem include limitations of the technologies used, the falsification of informed consent, the lag of legislative protections, and a lack of administrative supervision. Systematic regulation of the right to protect personal information should include a variety of initiatives. First, it should be used to identify who to protect and how to protect them. Second, there needs to be a shift from identifiable subject regulations to risk control. Third, legislation needs to be comprehensive, entailing a shift from fragmented to systemic reforms. Fourth, protection efforts should include supervision, self-regulation, and management. Finally, the jurisdiction of legislation should extend across cyberspace and physical reality as a means to achieve a balance between effective protection and the reasonable use of personal information.

From Quark to Infinite Dimensionality

This article gives a overall picture of how the universe works from the likelihood that our universe is infinite dimensional at the nanometer scale of an indestructible quark. The article explains that we only can perceive for sure up to 4 dimensions of physical reality. However, the speculation in this article seems very clear that likely we are seeing activity in the 5th dimension in particle physics experimentation explaining the EPR paradox and other mysteries seen in particle physics. Finally, the article shows why the Mendeleev Chart has historically listed possible stable atoms without giving the exact number possible. The way protons and other hadrons are composed of six quarks and six antiquarks held together by gluons leads to the inevitable conclusion that only 108 stable atoms can exist. Being stable means the protons in an atom are composed of 3 quarks/antiquarks having charge 1. Recent discoveries in particle physics research demonstrates that there exists a particle named the pentaquark composed of five quarks. The article explains that pentaquarks have been identified in recent particle research. It is not known yet whether the pentaquark leads to a different proton that leads in turn to a pentaquark atom. New particle research will likely answer this question

Time as the result of the observer’s measurement

Since the beginning of physics, time is the duration of material changes. We measure time with clocks. The notion of time in Newton physics, Einstein’s relativity, and quantum physics are different despite we always measure the same time with the same apparatuses that are clocks. We showed in this article that the act of the measurement done by the observer is generating duration. Time as duration is the result of the interaction between the observer and physical reality via clocks. In the universe, only changes exist. Changes have no duration on their own. Time as duration is born with the measurement done by the observer. Duration is relative and depends on the variable energy density of time-invariant superfluid quantum space that is the carrier of EPR-type entanglement.

Infinity: some close encounters in physics teaching

This paper describes two examples of teaching situations in which the idea of infinity arises, and supports the conclusion that infinity is not a physical reality but a very powerful and useful mathematical device which facilitates modelling and the solution of problems in physics.

MAGICAL REALITY IN A. NURI NOVEL “PASSENGER OF HIS DESTINY”

The subject of analysis in the article is a different, magical reality in the novel by the modern Tatar Russian-speaking writer A. Nuri “Passenger of his destiny”, the ways of its creation and functioning at different levels of the artistic organization of the text. The complexity of external and internal boundaries is shown both in the space of the physical objective world, depicted in the novel, and in the consciousness of the protagonist, who is trying to understand the world and the nature of magical reality. If the world of physical reality is meaningful and logically cognizable, then dreams, hallucinations, secret signs become the methods of cognizing another reality. The author examines the influence of the works of Gabriel García Márquez, Miguel Angel Asturias, Salman Rushdie both at the level of macropoetics (the space-belt component of the novel) and at the level of micropoetics (images, episodes, motifs) on the artistic world of the novel. The article shows connections with oriental narrative discourse and fairy-tale imagery. Conclusions are drawn about the connection between the aesthetics of the novel and the aesthetics of magical realism.

Are Words the Quanta of Human Language? Extending the Domain of Quantum Cognition

In previous research, we showed that ‘texts that tell a story’ exhibit a statistical structure that is not Maxwell–Boltzmann but Bose–Einstein. Our explanation is that this is due to the presence of ‘indistinguishability’ in human language as a result of the same words in different parts of the story being indistinguishable from one another, in much the same way that ’indistinguishability’ occurs in quantum mechanics, also there leading to the presence of Bose–Einstein rather than Maxwell–Boltzmann as a statistical structure. In the current article, we set out to provide an explanation for this Bose–Einstein statistics in human language. We show that it is the presence of ‘meaning’ in ‘texts that tell a story’ that gives rise to the lack of independence characteristic of Bose–Einstein, and provides conclusive evidence that ‘words can be considered the quanta of human language’, structurally similar to how ‘photons are the quanta of electromagnetic radiation’. Using several studies on entanglement from our Brussels research group, we also show, by introducing the von Neumann entropy for human language, that it is also the presence of ‘meaning’ in texts that makes the entropy of a total text smaller relative to the entropy of the words composing it. We explain how the new insights in this article fit in with the research domain called ‘quantum cognition’, where quantum probability models and quantum vector spaces are used in human cognition, and are also relevant to the use of quantum structures in information retrieval and natural language processing, and how they introduce ‘quantization’ and ‘Bose–Einstein statistics’ as relevant quantum effects there. Inspired by the conceptuality interpretation of quantum mechanics, and relying on the new insights, we put forward hypotheses about the nature of physical reality. In doing so, we note how this new type of decrease in entropy, and its explanation, may be important for the development of quantum thermodynamics. We likewise note how it can also give rise to an original explanatory picture of the nature of physical reality on the surface of planet Earth, in which human culture emerges as a reinforcing continuation of life.

The True Colors of “False” Color: Representing Data Chromatically in NASA Films

This paper investigates the multifaceted uses of color — not (only) to aesthetic ends, but as a tool for translating data into narrative — in a corpus of recent NASA films. Often called ‘false’ color or accused of manipulation, these uses of digital color stray from photorealism but nonetheless have a direct, measurable relationship with physical reality: they use data to render visible that which lies outside the spectrum of visible light. The focus of this paper is on the truth status of these digital films and on the practices used to produce them. It situates them, as a corpus, within and in response to film studies historiographies of color centered around spectacle and the dichotomy of fantasy versus reality, addressing how color can deploy the powers of the false to reveal otherwise invisible truths through art and artifice.