Anarchism, critical theory and emancipation: towards the realisation of an ideal speech situation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Speech Situation

Deconstructing the Politics of Identity and Representation in Cyberspace

2011 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yunus Eryaman
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Political Realm ◽  
Speech Situation

The term cyberspace has come to represent the virtual space in which people surf the Web, send and receive email, chat with strangers, or instant message their friends. As people’s lives become increasingly entangled with these technologies, understanding how gender, sexual, and racial identities are negotiated in online spaces becomes important to understanding the Internet as a social and political space. To uncover how individuals make sense of race, class, sexual, and gender identities in cyberspace, this chapter explores how they construct and reproduce cyberspace as a social and political realm. Specifically, drawing on Habermas’ theory of ideal speech situation (1988) and Bakhtin’s notion of heteroglossia (1973, 1984), the analysis deconstructs how race, class, and gender are performed in cyberspace and how corresponding inequalities are created and upheld in this space. It also explores the ways in which online education might help individuals to actively disrupt social, racial, and gender inequalities in both their online and offline communities.

Negotiating Ethics as a Two Level Debate

1998 ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert van Es
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Discourse Ethic ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Moral Debate ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
The Ideal

As a form of moral debate, discourse ethic, according to Habermas, is based on regulated discussion. Participating moral agents share a common understanding in the ideal speech situation. Following procedures they try to reach consensus on questions of justice and rights. Critics of discourse ethic point to the bias of Western assumptions regarding agents and methods, the danger of elitism, and the optimism and the pacifism that run through the theory. After modification, Habermas distinguishes two types of discourse: the discourse of justification and the discourse of application. The second is inferior to the first. In the second, there is room for negotiating. There is another way of looking at negotiation, one that takes negotiating seriously as an important category of human behavior. This category shows an interesting overlap with moral behavior. Distinguishing four concepts of negotiating and using reciprocity and trust as the moral minimum, Negotiating Ethics is presented as a two level moral debate, close to Habermas but morally different in essential aspects.

Teaching and Assessing Oral Skills as Democratic Practice

Politics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Assessment Feedback ◽  
A Value ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Political Studies ◽  
Oral Skills ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
The Ideal

Teaching and assessing oral skills is important, but relatively novel in the discipline of Political Studies; this article defends the practice, and outlines the ‘nuts and bolts’ of one methodology for doing it. Preliminary explanation in lectures, practice in seminars, assessment, feedback and self-assessment are all covered and the paperwork illustrated. The methodology is based in part on Habermas's theory of ‘communicative competence’ and the ‘ideal speech situation’; it therefore implies and imparts the values of respect, equality, democracy and consensus. It is suggested that a value-free approach to the teaching of oral skills is impossible.

scholarly journals Habermas, Rorty, and the Problem of Competent Interlocutors

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-246
Author(s):  
Claudio Cormick
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Truth Claim ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
The One ◽  
Pragmatic Turn ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
Argumentative Practice ◽  
The Way

In texts such as “Richard Rorty’s Pragmatic Turn” Jürgen Habermas defends a theory that associates, on the one hand, the truth-claim raised by a speaker for a proposition p with, on the other hand, the requirement that p be “defendable on the basis of good reasons […] at any time and against anybody”. This, as is known, has been the target of criticisms by Rorty, who−in spite of agreeing with Habermas on the central tenet that the way of evaluating our beliefs must be argumentative practice−declares that the only “ideal presupposed by discourse” is “that of being able to justify your beliefs to a competent audience”. We will consider two texts from 1971, -surprisingly neglected in most approaches to the debate-, in which Habermas did include such a “competence condition” to elucidate the notion of truth. We will discuss whether there are good reasons to relinquish such a condition and to refer, instead, only to the formal or procedural properties of argumentative exchanges, as Habermas does in presenting the notion of “ideal speech situation”. As we will try to argue, there are no such good reasons.

scholarly journals Talking about the likelihood of risks: an agent-based simulation of discussion processes in risk workshops

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Harten ◽  
Matthias Meyer ◽  
Lucia Bellora-Bienengräber
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Group Characteristics ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
The Ideal

Purpose This paper aims to explore drivers of the effectiveness of risk assessments in risk workshops. Design/methodology/approach This study uses an agent-based model to simulate risk assessments in risk workshops. Combining the notions of transactive memory and the ideal speech situation, this study establishes a risk assessment benchmark and then investigates real-world deviations from this benchmark. Specifically, this study models limits to information transfer, incomplete discussions and potentially detrimental group characteristics, as well as interaction patterns. Findings First, limits to information transfer among workshop participants can prevent a correct consensus. Second, increasing the required number of stable discussion rounds before an assessment improves the correct assessment of high but not low likelihood risks. Third, while theoretically advantageous group characteristics are associated with the highest assessment correctness for all risks, theoretically detrimental group characteristics are associated with the highest assessment correctness for high likelihood risks. Fourth, prioritizing participants who are particularly concerned about the risk leads to the highest level of correctness. Originality/value This study shows that by increasing the duration of simulated risk workshops, the assessments change – as a rule – from underestimating to overestimating risks, unraveling a trade-off for risk workshop facilitators. Methodologically, this approach overcomes limitations of prior research, specifically the lack of an assessment and process benchmark, the inability to disentangle multiple effects and the difficulty of capturing individual cognitive processes.

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