Acute Esophageal Varices and Portal Hypertension Secondary to Portal Vein Thrombosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. S187
Author(s):  
Akash Ferdaus ◽  
Kelly Cervellione ◽  
Avani Patel ◽  
Thomas Santucci ◽  
Richard Pinsker
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Vein Thrombosis

CLINICAL CASE OF TREATMENT OF A PATIENT WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION DEVELOPED AS A RESULT OF PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036
Author(s):  
E.V. Mahiliavets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Vein Thrombosis

Non-cirrhotic causes of the development of portal hypertension make up about 10%. The factors leading to its development are the development of thrombosis in the portal vein system, occlusion due to pancreatitis, pancreatic tumors, and other causes. Acute bleeding from esophageal varices is a formidable complication of portal hypertension, regardless of its etiology. The tactics of treatment and prevention of bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with portal vein thrombosis generally corresponds to that for intrahepatic portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis with some additions. Aim. Presentation of the results of clinical observation of an open Hassab operation (esophagogastric devascularization without esophageal transection + splenectomy) in a patient with portal vein thrombosis complicated by portal hypertension and esophageal varices, as well as a short literary excursion on this issue. Materials and methods. The patient was admitted to the surgical department with thrombosis of the portal, splenic and superior mesenteric veins complicated by subhepatic portal hypertension with splenomegaly, varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach of the 2nd-3rd degrees, left-sided hydrothorax, moderate anemia. Direct anticoagulants, antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors were used. Given the risk of bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach, as well as existing necrosis in the spleen, Hassab operation (esophagogastric devascularization in combination with splenectomy) was performed at the fourth level of surgical management. Results. Despite ongoing therapy with antiplatelet agents, in 2 months after the operation the patient developed thrombosis of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins as well as recurrent left-sided hydrothorax. Conservative therapy has been successful. Relapse of esophageal varices bleeding was diagnosed in a patient 4 years after surgery, conservative and endoscopic hemostasis being successful. Acute thrombophlebitis of the saphenous veins of the right lower leg was diagnosed in the patient 9 years after surgery, it having been treated conservatively. Acute adhesive intestinal obstruction developed 11 years after surgery, conservative therapy was successful. Currently, the patient is being followed at the outpatient department, his condition being satisfactory and hydroxycarbamide, antiplatelet agents and non-selective betablockers being taken by him on a regular basis takes. Based on this clinical observation, it seems difficult to judge the effect of Hassab operation on the course of the disease in the described patient. However, it is worth noting a persistent increase in the level of platelets in the general blood test in the postoperative period, which could contribute to the recurrence of venous thrombosis in the patient. Conclusions. According to the current scientifically based recommendations in the treatment of these patients priority should be given to conservative and minimally invasive endoscopic and interventional X-ray endovascular techniques.

scholarly journals MesoTIPS: Combined Approach for the Treatment of Portal Hypertension Secondary to Portal Vein Thrombosis – A Brief Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Abbas Chamsuddin ◽  
Lama Nazzal ◽  
Thomas Heffron ◽  
Osama Gaber ◽  
Raja Achou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
The Right ◽  
Minilaparotomy Approach ◽  
Mean Time

AbstractIntroduction: We describe a technique we call “Meso-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (MTIPS)” for relief of portal hypertension secondary to portal vein thrombosis (PVT) using combined surgical and endovascular technique. Materials and Methods: Nine adult patients with PVT underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt through a combined transjugular and mesenteric approach (MTIPS), in which a peripheral mesenteric vein was exposed through a minilaparotomy approach. The right hepatic vein was accessed through a transjugular approach. Mechanical thrombectomy, thrombolysis, and angioplasty were performed when feasible to clear PVT. Results: All patients had technically successful procedures. Patients were followed up for a mean time of 13.3 months (range: 8 days to 3 years). All patients are still alive and asymptomatic. Conclusion: We conclude that MTIPS is effective for the relief of portal hypertension secondary to PVT.

Development of Portal Vein Thrombosis Complicating Idiopathic Portal Hypertension

1985 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiko Ohnishi ◽  
Masayuki Saito ◽  
Hidetaka Terabayashi ◽  
Fumio Nomura ◽  
Kunio Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Idiopathic Portal Hypertension ◽  
Vein Thrombosis

Covered TIPS versus endoscopic band ligation plus propranolol for the prevention of variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis: a randomised controlled trial

Gut ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2156-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Lv ◽  
Xingshun Qi ◽  
Chuangye He ◽  
Zhengyu Wang ◽  
Zhanxin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Covered Stents ◽  
Band Ligation ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Endoscopic Band Ligation

ObjectiveLimited data are available on the prevention of variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT). This study aimed to compare transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with covered stents versus endoscopic band ligation (EBL) plus propranolol for the prevention of variceal rebleeding among patients with cirrhosis and PVT.DesignConsecutive cirrhotic patients (94% Child-Pugh class A or B) with PVT who had variceal bleeding in the past 6 weeks were randomly assigned to TIPS group (n=24) or EBL plus propranolol group (EBL+drug, n=25), respectively. Primary endpoint was variceal rebleeding. Secondary endpoints included survival, overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE), portal vein recanalisation and rethrombosis, other complications of portal hypertension and adverse events.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 30 months in both groups, variceal rebleeding was significantly less frequent in the TIPS group (15% vs 45% at 1 year and 25% vs 50% at 2 years, respectively; HR=0.28, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.76, p=0.008), with a significantly higher portal vein recanalisation rate (95% vs 70%; p=0.03) and a relatively lower rethrombosis rate (5% vs 33%; p=0.06) compared with the EBL+drug group. There were no statistically significant differences in survival (67% vs 84%; p=0.152), OHE (25% vs 16%; p=0.440), other complications of portal hypertension and adverse events between groups.ConclusionCovered TIPS placement in patients with PVT and moderately decompensated cirrhosis was more effective than EBL combined with propranolol for the prevention of rebleeding, with a higher probability of PVT resolution without increasing the risk of OHE and adverse effects, but this benefit did not translate into improved survival.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01326949.

scholarly journals Difficulties of differential diagnosis of portal hypertension: case report

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
T. V. Penkina ◽  
O. E. Berezutskaya ◽  
D. T. Dicheva ◽  
E. V. Partsvania-Vinogradova ◽  
V. S. Larina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Tomography ◽  
Vein Thrombosis

In the article we analysed the difficulties of differential diagnosis of portal hypertension, considers a clinical case that illustrates the presented theoretical material. In the presented clinical observation, the patient’s disease was manifested by bleeding from the varicose veins of the esophagus. In most cases, portal hypertension syndrome in practicing clinicians is associated with liver cirrhosis, however, it is necessary to remember about the possibility of developing subhepatic portal hypertension, in particular as a result of the formation of portal vein thrombosis. If there are signs of portal hypertension, it is necessary to specify the level of obstruction to blood flow, that is, the form of portal hypertension (subhepatic, hepatic, suprahepatic). Often, portal vein thrombosis can be formed due to undiagnosed blood diseases that occur without any clinical symptoms. The provided clinical example demonstrates a case of portal hypertension in the outcome of a chronic form of myeloproliferative syndrome. Portal cavernoma is quite rare and it is formed due to multiple small-diameter venous structures that gradually replace the occluded vessel with a system of collaterals proximal and distal to the portal vein thrombosis site. In the formation of the diagnosis the main are radiation research methods, but the conclusions should be considered only in conjunction with the clinical evidence. The clinical case is interesting because a large cavernoma of the portal vein in a patient with subhepatic portal hypertension was regarded as a «solid formation» according to magnetic resonance tomography. According to the literature data, cavernous transformation has an external similarity to the tumor process, which expands the range of differential diagnosis and requires the exclusion of oncological formations. 

scholarly journals A226 INCIDENTAL FINDING OF A LARGE GASTRIC VARIX ASSOCIATED WITH NEONATAL UMBILICAL VEIN CANALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 261-263
Author(s):  
L Tsang ◽  
J Abraldes ◽  
E Wiebe ◽  
G S Sandha ◽  
S van Zanten
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Splenic Vein ◽  
Gastric Varix ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Inferior Aspect ◽  
Upper Abdomen

Abstract Results A 41-year old Asian male, who immigrated to Canada many years ago, and who had previously been successfully treated for Helicobacter pylori infection underwent gastroscopy for investigation of dyspepsia. His gastroscopy was normal except for a large subepithelial abnormality that was noted close to the gastroesophageal junction. Routine gastric biopsies from the antrum and body were normal. Subsequent endoscopic ultrasound revealed flow through the anechoic tortuous lesion and confirmed it was a very large isolated gastric varix type 1. Abdominal CT scan revealed chronic occlusion of the portal vein, splenic vein, and the portal confluence with extensive collateralization in the upper abdomen. There was complete cavernous transformation of the portal vein. Of the numerous varices in the upper abdomen, a very large varix drained into the left renal vein and indented into the posterior wall of the fundus of the stomach which accounted for the endoscopic finding. Multiple mesenteric veins were identified that connected to varices adjacent to the inferior aspect of the pancreas and duodenum. Notably, there was no evidence of cirrhosis or chronic pancreatitis. Liver enzymes, albumin, and INR were normal. Further collateral history revealed that he was hospitalized as a neonate for pneumonia with catheterization of the umbilical vein, which is known to be associated with thrombosis of the portal vein. Conclusions Detection of congenital absence of the portal vein (CAPV) is recognized more often due to advances in diagnostic imaging. Radiologically, the absence of the portal vein in CAPV is distinguished from portal vein thrombosis by the lack of venous collaterals or sequalae of portal hypertension, such as ascites or splenomegaly. A more gradual thrombosis of the portal vein may permit collaterals to develop without acute changes and is not equivalent to portal vein aplasia or agenesis as intrahepatic bile ducts are normal. The gold standard for diagnosis of CAPV is histologic absence of the portal vein in the liver on catheter angiography. CAPV is associated with abnormal embryologic development of the portal vein and frequently presents with complications of portal hypertension or portosystemic encephalopathy or the sequalae of venous shunts, hepatic or cardiac abnormalities found on imaging. Our case is an incidentally discovered absence of the portal venous system due to chronic thrombosis with extensive collateralization and an enlarged gastric varix protruding into the proximal stomach. It is well documented that canalization of the umbilical vein in infancy is associated with portal vein thrombosis, with incidences up to 68%. This case highlights the importance of eliciting a childhood hospitalization history in cases of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Funding Agencies None

scholarly journals A73 PHARYNGEAL VARICES AS A COMPLICATION OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION: A CASE SERIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
J Ghaith ◽  
P James ◽  
F Wong
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Splenic Vein ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Splenic Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Ectopic Varices ◽  
Collateral Vessels

Abstract Background One of the complications of portal hypertension, with or without the presence of cirrhosis, is the development of varices along the length of the gastrointestinal tract. The commonest sites are along the esophagus or in the stomach. Ectopic varices in the small and large bowels can also be observed, but ectopic varices in the pharynx are extremely uncommon. Aims To present a case series and review the literature regarding pharyngeal varcies. Methods - Results Three elderly female patients presented for esophagogastric varices surveillance gastroscopy were diagnosed with pharyngeal varices. One patient has hepatitis C cirrhosis, while the other two non-cirrhotic patients have myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). None of the patients had thromboses of the portal vein or its tributaries. All three patient have concomitant esophageal varices, but only one required band ligation of her esophageal varices. All patients are asymptotic except for mild dysphagia. No patient has bled from their pharyngeal varices to date. Two patients have had prophylactic treatment of their portal hypertension with non-selective beta blocker (NSBB), while the third one has not received NSBB prophylaxis because of her age. Conclusions Pharyngeal varices are extremely rare. To date, there are three case reports in the literature, however, we have been able to identify three cases in our practice. The previous two cases reported possible left-sided portal hypertension with splenic vein thrombosis, leading to the development of collateral vessels including a gastrocaval shunt, which by some contiguous route connects to the brachiocephalic vein; and a third case was a complication of neck dissection surgery. In our case series, none of our patients had splenic vein thrombosis. However, none of them has had a careful CT angiogram to delineate the portal vein tributaries and the collateral vessels, which may further help to define their pathogenesis. It is unclear whether NSBB would be effective as primary prophylaxis against their bleeding, The plan is to continue to monitor these patients to learn about the natural history of these pharyngeal varices. Funding Agencies None

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