Fiber Optic Network Technology of Communication of Specialists via Mental Neurointerfaces

Resonance communication of specialists can be carried out at a distance in real time in dialogue mode through a mental neurointerface with two-way communication. Mental neurointerface on the principles of magnetic resonance tomography captures a hologram of brain activity of the internal speech of the inductor specialist and transmits it to the mental neurointerface of the recipient's interlocutor through ultra-sensitive multi section nano resonators waveguides. The mental neurointerface of the recipient's interlocutor perceives the transmitted hologram of the brain activity of internal speech and resonates its internal speech to it. An interlocutor of the recipient with equivalent semantic memory in a resonant way makes sense of the internal speech of the inductor specialist. He forms the response with internal speech and transmits it to the interlocutor with his mental neurointerface through nano resonators in the form of holograms of the brain activity of internal speech. Interlocutors, as specialists in one subject area, have a similar semantic memory. Semantic memories are considered similar if they correspond to the principle of gold section according to a professional thesaurus. Specialists and interlocutors must learn a professional thesaurus before starting a dialogue through mental neurointerfaces. Thus, the problem of transmitting and reading thoughts at a distance using high technology is solved, taking into account the psychological aspects of the interlocutors. The development of mental neurointerfaces and ultra-sensitive multi section nano waveguide resonators for transmitting holograms of internal speech brain activity is just beginning. The use of resonant communication by mental neurointerfaces through nano waveguides resonators waveguides is currently very relevant in many areas of life activity.

Magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic potential in “idiopathic” ventricular arrhythmias in children

The study aims to assess the role of magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) in identifying the substrate of “idiopathic” ventricular arrhythmias in pediatric patients.Methods. One hundred and seven children with “idiopathic” ventricular arrhythmias were enrolled. All patients underwent MRI on a high-field Magnetom Trio A Tim (Siemens) tomograph with a magnetic field induction of 3.0 T.Results. According to MRI data, dilated ventricles and/or a decreased ejection fraction were found in 55 (51%) patients. Based on structural abnormalities of the myocardium patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 “normal”, without abnormalities, (69 (64.5%) children); group 2 - “fibrosis”, fibrotic changes were detected on late gadolinium enhancement (38 (35.5%) patients). Significant differences of indexed MR-indicators in these two groups were not found. However, in the “fibrosis” group, biventricular dysfunction occurred significantly more often than in the “normal” group, respectively (14 (37%) and 9 (13%) (p = 0.006)).Conclusion. MRI is important in assessing structural changes in pediatric patients with ventricular arrhythmias, and the combination of MRI results with clinical and electrophysiological data can significantly affect the change in management and treatment strategy in pediatric patients.

Inter- and intra-observer agreement on evaluating the presence of residual glandular tissue with magnetic resonance tomography following prophylactic mastectomy

Background There are no published international consensus or guideline documents regarding appropriate medical follow-up for women with hereditary increased risk of breast cancer who opt for prophylactic mastectomy. Moreover, it is not known whether breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed after a prophylactic mastectomy is a reproducible method for evaluating whether clinically relevant amounts of residual glandular tissue remains. Purpose To evaluate the inter- and intra-observer agreement on detecting residual glandular tissue with MRI. Material and Methods In total, 40 women previously operated with prophylactic mastectomy underwent MRI and two breast radiologists (R1 and R2) independently assessed the presence of residual glandular tissue. Inter- and intra-rater agreements were assessed using Cohen's kappa (k). Results Residual glandular tissue was found in 69 of 248 quadrants (27.8%) and 32 of 62 breasts (51.6%) by R1 and 77 of 248 quadrants (31.1%) and 35 of 62 breasts (56.5%) by R2. The interrater agreement was observed to be moderate (k = 0.554) and the intra-rater agreement was observed to be substantial (k = 0.623). Conclusion In conclusion, the inter-and intra-rater observer agreement in regard to detection of residual glandular tissue was not excellent, which would be desirable for a method considered reproducible enough to be used as a surveillance tool after the surgical procedure in order to ensure that there is no relevant residual glandular tissue remaining warranting further follow-up. More research is needed, as well as establishment of precise protocols, before using the method in risk assessment of remaining glandular tissue and breast cancer risk.

ANTEROLATERAL LIGAMENT AS ROTATION STABILISER OF KNEE- JOINT. THE ROLE OF MRT AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN UNDERSTANDING ITS ANATOMY AND IN SELECTING SURGICAL TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR ITS INJURIES

Objective. To assess the variability of the anterolateral ligament according to MRT and ultrasonography data and to coordinate it with surgical treatment strategy for its injuries. Methods. The anterolateral ligament was analyzed on 100 series of MRI images of knee joints without traumatic pathology on Philips Achieva 1.5 T tomograph using the standard research protocol in three mutually perpendicular planes and 150 series of MRT images of knee joints with injuries and without injuries of the anterolateral ligament obtained on different tomographs from 0.2 to 3 Tesla. The quality of visualization of anterolateral ligament separate portions, the number of layers, and the contact with the joint capsule were evaluated. Both knee joints were analyzed by ultrasonography in 30 patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries of one of the knee-joint and in 30 patients with intact knee-joints. Results. During the studies in the identification of anterolateral ligament with magnetic resonance tomography (MRT 1.5T)it was revealed at least partially in 92% of cases (in 68% as a two-layer structure; in 24% as a single-layer structure; in 14% as a thickening of the capsule or in 10% as a separate extracapsular structure), ultrasound examination - in 100% (the structure was not determined, however, in 26.67% of patients without clinically pronounced pathology of the knee-joint and significant trauma in anamnesis ultrasound scan revealed a violation of the integrity of the cortical layer at the tibial attachment site), Conclusion. According to MRT and ultrasonography data, the anterolateral ligament is a constant structure of the knee-joint, but very variable in its anatomical parameters, which in some cases may be poorly visualized on MRT, may have a two-layer structure, may be located either extracapsular or as a thickening of the knee-joint capsule. The variability of its anatomical structure makes it impossible to make the theoretical substantiation of the advantages of one separate method of its restoration, but, on the contrary, justifies a differentiated approach to the selection of optimal surgical treatment. What this paper adds With the help of current research methods, the normal anatomical parameters and anatomical variants of the anterolateral ligament of the knee joint have been clarified and detailed. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of a differentiated approach to choosethe optimal methods of surgical treatment for its injuries.

A Novel Method to Stimulate Lymphatic Clearance of Beta-Amyloid from Mouse Brain Using Non-invasive Music-Induced Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier with EEG Markers

The lymphatic system of the brain meninges and head plays a crucial role in the clearance of amyloid-β protein (Aβ), a peptide thought to be pathogenic in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), from the brain. The development of methods to modulate lymphatic clearance of Aβ from the brain coild be a revolutionary step in the therapy of AD. The opening of the blood-brain barrier (OBBB) by focused ultrasound is considered as a possible tool for stimulation of clearance of Aβ from the brain of humans and animals. Here, we propose an alternative method of non-invasive music-induced OBBB that is accompanied by the activation of clearance of fluorescent Aβ (Fαβ) from the mouse brain. Using confocal imaging, fluorescence microscopy and magnetic resonance tomography, we clearly demonstrate that OBBB by music stimulates the movement of Fαβ and Omniscan in the cerebrospinal fluid and lymphatic clearance of Fαβ from the brain. We propose the extended detrended fluctuation analysis (EDFA) as a promising method for the identification of OBBB markers in the electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns. These pilot results suggest that music-induced OBBB and the EDFA analysis of EEG can be a non-invasive, low cost, labelling free, clinical perspective and completely new approach for the treatment and monitoring of AD.

Adrenal imaging: anatomy and pathology (literature review)

This literature review focuses on the normal adrenal gland anatomy and typical imaging features necessary to evaluate benign and malignant lesions. In particular, adenoma, pheochromocytoma, metastases and adrenocortical carcinoma were discussed as some of the most common lesions. For this purpose, a review of relevant local and international literature sources up to January 2021 was conducted.In many cases, adrenal incidentalomas have distinctive features allowing characterization using noninvasive methods. It is possible to suspect a malignant nature and promptly refer the patient for the necessary invasive examinations in some cases. ­Computed tomography, especially with intravenous contrast enhancement, is the primary imaging modality because it enables differential diagnosis. Magnetic resonance tomography remains a sensitive method in lesion detection and follow-up but is not very specific for determining the malignant potential. Positron emission computed tomography also remains an additional method and is used mainly for differential diagnosis of malignant tumors, detecting metastases and recurrences after surgical treatment. Ultrasound has a limited role but is nevertheless of great importance in the pediatric population, especially newborns. Promising techniques such as radiomics and dual-energy CT can expand imaging capabilities and improve diagnostic accuracy.Because adrenal lesions are often incidentally detected by imaging performed for other reasons, it is vital to interpret such findings correctly. This review should give the reader a broad overview of how different imaging modalities can evaluate adrenal pathology and guide radiologists and clinicians.

Reflections on Binary Sex/Gender Categorization in Magnetic Resonance Tomography and its Future Challenges

This paper examines the role of technical, methodological conditions in functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) in the production of binary sex/gender differences. The aim is to investigate the scanning process with a focus on the statistical parameter of gendered markers within the technology, in order to make visible the problems entangled in typical research routines. It is especially important to elaborate this because the computer models currently being used and Big Data studies are reproducing and reapplying outdated and rigid concepts of sex/gender differences with the goal of improving science considerably. Therefore, the paper discusses the empirical methodologies and epistemic underpinnings of differentiation through statistics, and argues that counter-counting, weighing and sizing might not help to substantiate the idea of “equality” (not only for the sex/gender category) in brain studies. In relation to the topic of this special issue, I argue that in order to develop an interdisciplinary approach to criticizing dimorphism and differentiation by groups, a wider understanding of the technical and theoretical foundations used in brain research is needed.

Robot-Assisted Image-Guided Interventions

Image guidance is a common methodology of minimally invasive procedures. Depending on the type of intervention, various imaging modalities are available. Common imaging modalities are computed tomography, magnetic resonance tomography, and ultrasound. Robotic systems have been developed to enable and improve the procedures using these imaging techniques. Spatial and technological constraints limit the development of versatile robotic systems. This paper offers a brief overview of the developments of robotic systems for image-guided interventions since 2015 and includes samples of our current research in this field.