scholarly journals S536 Normalization of Gastric Emptying After Pyloroplasty in Gastroparetic Patients Can Be Achieved Despite Abnormal Smooth Muscle Histology

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. S244-S244
Author(s):  
Richard McCallum ◽  
Jesus Diaz ◽  
Karina Espino ◽  
Tamis Bright ◽  
Alok K. Dwivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Muscle Histology

scholarly journals Gastric emptying and Ca2+and K+channels of circular smooth muscle cells in diet-induced obese prone and resistant rats

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiying Li ◽  
Roland Maude-Griffin ◽  
Andrew J. Pullan ◽  
Jiande D Z Chen
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Circular Smooth Muscle

scholarly journals Nutrient sensitivity of gastric emptying of digesta in the preruminant calf

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Sissons ◽  
F. R. Bell ◽  
C. L. Girard ◽  
J. A. H. Wass
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Hyperosmolar Solutions ◽  
Osmotic Stimuli ◽  
Made In

1. Studies of gastric function were made in preruminant calves fitted with a single abomasal cannula, re-entrant cannulas in the duodenum close to the pylorus and recording electrodes on the pyloric antrum and proximal duodenum.2. Simultaneous measurements were made of gastric emptying of a saline (9 g sodium chloride/1) meal, myoelectric activity of antral muscle and plasma concentration of somatostatin in jugular blood whilst infusing the duodenum with different solutions. The duodenal infusates were isotonic sodium bicarbonate (300 mosmol/kg), hyperosmolar solutions of NaCl (1000 mosmol/kg), sodium carbonate (500 mosmol/kg), sucrose (1000 mosmol/kg), 41 g emulsified butterfat/kg or 60 mM-hydrochloric acid.3. Infusing the duodenum with isotonic NaHCO3 stimulated intense myoelectric activity of the antral smooth muscle and rapid emptying of the test meal. In contrast, infusions of 60 mM-HCl reduced antral motility and inhibited gastric emptying of digesta. This inhibitory response to HCl infusion was related to a significant (P < 0·05) increase of somatostatin in peripheral venous blood.4. The Na2CO3 infusate, like HC1, inhibited gastric motor activity and digesta emptying, but the concentration of circulating somatostatin was only slightly elevated above pre-infusion levels.5. Compared with the effects of infusing HCl, infusions of emulsified butterfat or hyperosmolar NaCl and sucrose induced a greater intensity of antral motor activity and faster outflow of gastric effluent, although not to the same extent as with isotonic NaHCO3. However, as with isotonic NaHCO3, these infusates did not evoke the release of somatostatin.6. The results support the concept of duodenal receptors which, in response to a variety of stimuli in gastric chyme, modulate stomach emptying of digesta through actions on contractile processes of antral smooth muscle. Activation of such receptors by fat or osmotic stimuli, both ionic and non-ionic, do not appear to involve the release of somatostatin. However, the hormone appears to have an entero-gastrone role in mediating the inhibitory action of HCI on gastric motor function.

Adrenal and vagus modulation of cisplatin-induced gastric emptying and ulceration

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 406-407
Author(s):  
Surinder K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Cisplatin is a most valuable broad spectrum antineoplastic drug available for the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancers. It has several severe toxic side effects of which gastrointestinal and nephrotoxicity are the major dose limiting. It also induces hypocalcemia and Hypomagnesemia that have been demonstrated to effect the secretory activity of the neurohypophysis and the parathyroid glands. In rats cisplatin treatment causes stomach bloating and ulceration that can be ablated by daily injections of calcium just before the treatment and during the treatment or using vagotomy. Adrenalectomy has also been shown to prevent ulceration. Present study is an effort to determine the effect of cisplatin on morphological and cytochemical changes in the neuromuscular interactions of the stomach smooth muscle and the adrenal glands before and after vagotomy.Male Wistar rats [Crl:(WI)BR] weighing 200-300 g were given intraperitoneal injection of 9 mg/kg in 0.85% saline. Alternate group of animals received in addition daily injections of calcium (1 ml of 1.3% calcium chloride).

scholarly journals Characterization of the gastric motility response to human motilin and erythromycin in human motilin receptor-expressing transgenic mice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Kato ◽  
Aoi Takahashi ◽  
Mai Shindo ◽  
Ayano Yoshida ◽  
Tomoe Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Phenol Red

AbstractMotilin is a gastrointestinal peptide hormone that stimulates gastrointestinal motility. Motilin is produced primarily in the duodenum and jejunum. Motilin receptors (MTLRs) are G protein-coupled receptors that may represent a clinically useful pharmacological target as they can be activated by erythromycin. The functions of motilin are highly species-dependent and remain poorly understood. As a functional motilin system is absent in rodents such as rats and mice, these species are not commonly used for basic studies. In this study, we examine the usefulness of human MTLR-overexpressing transgenic (hMTLR-Tg) mice by identifying the mechanisms of the gastric motor response to human motilin and erythromycin.The distribution of hMTLR was examined immunohistochemically in male wild-type (WT) and hMTLR-Tg mice. The contractile response of gastric strips was measured isometrically in an organ bath, while gastric emptying was determined using phenol red.hMTLR expression was abundant in the gastric smooth muscle layer but more potently expressed in the myenteric plexus of hMTLR-Tg mice but not WT mice. hMTLR was not co-localized with vesicular acetylcholine transporter, a marker of cholinergic neurons in the myenteric plexus. Treatment with human motilin and erythromycin caused concentration-dependent contraction of gastric strips obtained from hMTLR-Tg mice but not from WT mice.The contractile response to human motilin and erythromycin in hMTLR-Tg mice was affected by neither atropine nor tetrodotoxin and was totally absent in Ca2+-free conditions. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of erythromycin significantly promoted gastric emptying in hMTLR-Tg mice but not in WT mice.Human motilin and erythromycin stimulate the gastric motor response in hMTLR-Tg mice. This action is mediated by direct contraction of smooth muscle via the influx of extracellular Ca2+. Thus, hMTLR-Tg mice may be useful for the evaluation of MTLR agonists as gastric prokinetic agents.

Delayed gastric emptying in a neonate, associated with a partial defect in the gastric smooth muscle

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1511-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Ohki ◽  
Takeshi Tomomasa ◽  
Masahiko Tabata ◽  
Norio Suzuki ◽  
Sirou Matuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Smooth Muscle

scholarly journals Gastric and pyloric sphincter muscle function and the developmental-dependent regulation of gastric content emptying in the rat

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. G1169-G1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Sobchak ◽  
A. Felipe Fajardo ◽  
Yulia Shifrin ◽  
Jingyi Pan ◽  
Jaques Belik
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Myosin Light Chain Kinase ◽  
Myosin Light Chain ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Sphincter Muscle

Feeding intolerance is a common issue in the care of preterm neonates. The condition manifests as delayed emptying of gastric contents and represents a therapeutic challenge, since the factors accounting for its manifestations are unknown. The main goal of this study was to comparatively investigate the age-related function of rat gastric and pyloric smooth muscle and their putative regulators. We hypothesized that a reduced gastric muscle contraction potential early in life contributes to the delayed gastric emptying of the newborn. Newborn and adult rat gastric (fundus) and pyloric sphincter tissues were comparatively studied in vitro. Shortening of the tissue-specific dissociated smooth muscle cell was evaluated, and expression of the key regulatory proteins Rho-associated kinase 2 and myosin light chain kinase was determined. Gastric and pyloric smooth muscle cell shortening was significantly greater in the adult than the respective newborn counterpart. Expression of myosin light chain kinase and Rho-associated kinase 2 was developmentally regulated and increased with age. Pyloric sphincter muscle expresses a higher neuronal nitric oxide synthase and phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein content in newborn than adult tissue. Compared with later in life, the newborn rat gastropyloric muscle has a Ca2+-related reduced potential for contraction and the pyloric sphincter relaxation-dependent modulators are overexpressed. To the extent that these rodent data can be extrapolated to humans, the delayed gastric emptying in the newborn reflects reduced stomach muscle contraction potential, as opposed to increased pyloric sphincter tone.

scholarly journals Effect of Nesfatin-1 on gastric emptying and contraction of gastric smooth muscle strips in obese rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Zi-Bin Tian ◽  
Gui-Rong Sun ◽  
Liang-Zhou Wei ◽  
Luo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Smooth Muscle ◽  
Obese Rats

scholarly journals Atractylodin Induces Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation and Promotes Gastric Emptying through Ghrelin Receptor

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Bai ◽  
Yan-hua Zhao ◽  
Jian-ya Xu ◽  
Xi-zhong Yu ◽  
Yun-xia Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Myosin Light Chain ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogue ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gastric Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mlc Phosphorylation

Atractylodin is one of the main constituents in the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea Thunb., being capable of treating cancer cachexia-anorexia and age-related diseases as an agonist of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). GHSR was herein expressed in human gastric smooth muscle cells (HGSMCs) and activated by ghrelin receptor agonist L-692,585. Like L-692,585, atractylodin also increased Ca2+ and enhanced the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) through GHSR in HGSMCs. In addition, atractylodin promoted gastric emptying and MLC phosphorylation in the gastric antrum of mice also through GHSR. Collectively, atractylodin can activate GHSR in gastric smooth muscle, as a potential target in clinical practice.

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