A Study on the Effect of Advertising Messages according to Price Discount Rate and Scarcity Message : Focusing on Anxiety and Situational Involvement in COVID-19 Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 63-93
Author(s):  
Xinyang Liu ◽  
◽  
Hyogyoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Price Discount ◽  
Situational Involvement

scholarly journals ANALISIS MODEL ESTIMASI NET PRESENT VALUE PADA PENJADWALAN PENAMBANGAN TERBUKA BATUBARA PIT 11 PT ARUTMIN INDONESIA SITE KINTAP KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Fitria Handayani Amar ◽  
Nurhakim Nurhakim ◽  
Romla Noor Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
General Description ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Price Discount ◽  
Coal Price ◽  
Delay Cost ◽  
Average Rain

PT Arutmin Indonesia merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang industri pertambangan. PT Arutmin Indonesia memiliki kontrak  PKP2B dengan umur kontrak yang berakhir pada  2 November 2020. Penelitian dilakukan disalah satu area PKP2B PT Arutmin yaitu pit 11 di site Kintap. Pada pit 11 akan dilakukan eksploitasi dengan melakukan penjadwalan penambangan yang dipertimbangkan berdasarkan analisis kriteria ekonomi. Analisis kriteria ekonomi pada pit 11 digunakan analisis kriteria net present value (NPV).Pada penelitian proyek penambangan pit 11 terdiri atas dua general description yaitu penjadwalan penambangan dan analisis net present value. Penjadwalan penambangan dikerjakan dengan bantuan aplikasi perangkat lunak Xpac 7.14, dimana penjadwalan disimulasikan menjadi 2 simulasi berdasarkan penempatan fleet untuk menentukan penjadwalan penambangan berdasarkan target produksi.  2 simulasi penjadwalan akan diestimasikan berdasarkan forecast rain delay menjadi 3 skenario yaitu skenario 1 pada saat minimum rain delay, skenario 2 pada saat average rain delay, dan skenario 3 maximum rain delay. Dari masing-masing simulasi penjadwalan penambangan akan didapat target produksi batubara, volme overburden dan penentuajn jarak pengangkutan yang akan dianalisis tigkat keekonomisannya berdasarkan kriteria net present value dengan pertimbangan biaya (cost) penambangan dan pendapatan (revenue) dengan komoditas harga batubara (coal price) dan discount rate yang berlaku di PT Arutmin Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan SImulasi 1, penambangan akan berlangsung selama 10 bulan (skenario 1 dan 2 ), dan 11 bulan (skenario  3). Adapun bila menggunakan Simulasi 2, penambangan akan berlangsung selama 12 bulan (skenario 1), 14 bulan (skenario 2) dan 15 bulan (skenario 3Hasil Nilai NPV dari masing-masing simulasi 1 dan 2 didapat untuk skenario 1 nilai NPV yaitu $  29,608,151.48  skenario 2 besar NPV yaitu $29,589,419.87 , dan skenario 3 besar NPV yaitu $ 29,552,139.84. Sedangkan hasil dari simulasi 2 untuk skenario 1 didapat besar NPV yaitu $ 29,552,139.30 , skenario 2 besar NPV yaitu $  29,271,760.24 dan skenario 3 besar NPV yaitu $ 29,150,450.08. Berdasarkan hasil perbandingan, nilai NPV terbesar akan didapatkan bila penjadwalan penambangan dilaksanakan dengan Simulasi 1 yaitu penjadwalan produksi dilakukan dengan menempatkan 2 fleet di pit 11A kemudian dilanjutkan 2 fleet di Pit 11BKata-kata kunci: Fleet, Forecast Rain Delay, Cost, Revenue, Coal Price, Discount Rate, Net Present Value

Collaboration Strategy for a Decentralized Supply Chain Using Linear Physical Programming

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-733
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Yatsuka ◽  
Aya Ishigaki ◽  
Surendra M. Gupta ◽  
Yuki Kinoshita ◽  
Tetsuo Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Price Discount ◽  
Physical Programming ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Linear Physical Programming ◽  
The Cost

In recent years, the environment surrounding companies has become more challenging. It has become more difficult for many companies in the manufacturing industry to possess all the skills they need, such as production, warehousing, and retailing, so they need to outsource certain skills. In supply chains with several companies, each has an optimal strategy. Specifically, supply chains where the solution is decided through negotiations with their partners are defined as “decentralized supply chains.” In such situations, collaborative relationships are important. One possible approach is replenishment contracts between vendors and buyers under the condition that demand for each buyer is constant. In a buyer-dominated supply chain, because the vendor cannot choose solutions that lower the satisfaction of buyers, it is difficult to change the replenishment intervals. The common replenishment epochs (CRE) strategy is one of the methods used to address this issue. The vendor integrates the buyers’ replenishment timings using CRE and provides a price discount on the products to compensate for the increase in the cost to the buyers. The price discount rate is calculated based on the worst reduction rate in the costs incurred by the buyers based on the economic order quantity (EOQ) model. The optimal CRE and discount rate are decided such that the cost incurred by vendor is minimized. The increased emphasis on the worst reduction rates can potentially lead to biases in buyer satisfaction, and the price discount rate is overestimated. Then, the cost of the vendor increases. Hence, through the negotiations with less satisfied buyers, the vendor changes the CRE so that their satisfaction is improved and the price discount is lower. As a result, the vendor can reduce its cost. This study develops a model to find an improved solution after the negotiations. If satisfaction of multiple players is regarded as multi-objective, a solution of multi-player decision-making is obtained using multi-objective optimization. Linear physical programming (LPP) has been applied as a form of multi-objective optimization, and it is possible to determine the weight coefficients using the preference ranges of the objective functions. In addition, by considering the buyers’ preference levels, the constraints of the discount rates are relaxed and the vendor’s cost can be reduced. Therefore, this study develops a model based on the CRE strategy using LPP.

Using Discount Rate to Predict Treatment Effect and Relapse

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Min Yu ◽  
Xinyue Zhou ◽  
Jingjing Lin ◽  
Yi Ni
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Treatment Effect

Establishment and Production Costs for Peach Orchards in Florida: Enterprise Budget and Profitability Analysis

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Singerman ◽  
Marina Burani Arouca ◽  
Mercy A. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Enterprise Budget ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Peach Orchard

The article summarizes the establishment and production costs, as well as the potential profitability of a peach orchard in Florida. Our findings show the initial investment required for a peach operation in Florida to be $6,457 per acre; the expense in land preparation and planting alone in year 1 is $2,541 per acre. Variable and fixed costs in years 2 through 15 average $5,680 per acre. As an example of profitability, when using a 10% discount rate, an operation yielding 6,525 (7,254) pounds of marketable fruit per acre during its most productive years obtains a positive NPV when the average price is $2.38 ($2.13) per pound.

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