FRAMEWORK FOR MEASURING URBAN ENERGY SECURITY : CITIZEN PERSPECTIVE

The ever increasing urban energy consumption has always been an important issue of urban energy security. Citizen plays critical role in shaping the energy consumption. Therefore, citizen perspective can give significant impact to urban energy security evaluation. This research aims to provide a systematic framework to measure urban energy security taking into account the perspective of citizen and showcase its implementation in a case of Bandung city. The proposed framework is a straight five stages process as follow; (1) establishing the urban context, (2) defining energy security relevant to the context, (3), determining dimensions of energy security , (4) determining indicators and and metrics, and (5) the final stage is calculating energy security. The implementation case shows Bandung’s energy security is at Middle Low status. It also verify that the framework is operationally viable and it can capture the significance of citizen perspective.

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Measuring and Monitoring Urban Impacts on Climate Change from Space

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12213494 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 3494

Author(s):

Cristina Milesi ◽

Galina Churkina

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Critical Role ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Urban Heat Islands ◽

Earth Observations ◽

Urban Impacts ◽

Urban Energy ◽

Urban Energy Consumption

As urban areas continue to expand and play a critical role as both contributors to climate change and hotspots of vulnerability to its effects, cities have become battlegrounds for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Large amounts of earth observations from space have been collected over the last five decades and while most of the measurements have not been designed specifically for monitoring urban areas, an increasing number of these observations is being used for understanding the growth rates of cities and their environmental impacts. Here we reviewed the existing tools available from satellite remote sensing to study urban contribution to climate change, which could be used for monitoring the progress of climate change mitigation strategies at the city level. We described earth observations that are suitable for measuring and monitoring urban population, extent, and structure; urban emissions of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants; urban energy consumption; and extent, intensity, and effects on surrounding regions, including nearby water bodies, of urban heat islands. We compared the observations available and obtainable from space with the measurements desirable for monitoring. Despite considerable progress in monitoring urban extent, structure, heat island intensity, and air pollution from space, many limitations and uncertainties still need to be resolved. We emphasize that some important variables, such as population density and urban energy consumption, cannot be suitably measured from space with available observations.

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