Analogous Atomic and Electronic Properties between V N and V N C B Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

We investigate defect properties in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) which is attracting much attention as a single photon emitter. Using first-principles calculations, we find that nitrogen-vacancy defect V N has a lower energy structure in C 1 h symmetry in 1− charge state than the previously known D 3 h symmetry structure. Noting that carbon has one more valence electron than boron species, our finding naturally points to the correspondence between V N and V N C B defects with one charge state difference between them, which is indeed confirmed by the similarity of atomic symmetries, density of states, and excitation energies. Since V N C B is considered as a promising candidate for the source of single photon emission, our study suggests V N as another important candidate worth attention, with its simpler form without the incorporation of foreign elements into the host material.

Interface and surface engineering of black phosphorus: a review for photonic and optoelectronic applications

Since being rediscovered as an emerging 2D material, BP with extraordinary energy structure and unusually strong interlayer interactions offer new opportunities for optoelectronics and photonics. However, due to the thin atomic body and the ease of degradation with water and oxides, BP is highly sensitive to the surrounding environment. Therefore, high-quality engineering of interfaces and surfaces plays an essential role in BP-based applications. In this review, begun with a review of properties of BP, different strategies of interface and surfaces engineering for high ON-OFF ratio, enhanced optical absorption, and fast optical response are reviewed and highlighted, and recent state-of-the-art advances on optoelectronic and photonic devices are demonstrated. Finally, the opportunities and challenges are outlooked for future BP-related research.

Climate-Related Development Finance, Energy Structure Transformation and Carbon Emissions Reduction: An Analysis From the Perspective of Developing Countries

With the frequent occurrence of extreme weather in cities, economic, ecological and social activities have been greatly impacted. The adverse effects of global extreme climate and effective governance have attracted more and more attention of scholars. Considering the differences between developed and developing countries in climate response capacity, a key issue is how to encourage developed countries to provide adequate assistance to developing countries and enhance their enthusiasm to participate in addressing climate change challenges. Given this background, we evaluated the carbon emission reduction effects of developing countries before and after a “quasi-natural experiment” which involved obtaining the assistance of climate-related funding from developed countries. Specifically, we analyzed the assistance behavior for recipient countries and found that climate assistance can effectively reduce the carbon emissions level of recipient countries, and this result has a better impact on non-island types and countries with higher levels of economic development. Furthermore, the achievement of this carbon emissions reduction target stems from the fact that climate assistance has promoted the optimization of the energy structure of recipient countries and promoted the substitution of renewable energy for coal consumption. In addition, climate-related development finance plays a significant role in promoting the scientific and technological level of recipient countries, especially the development impact of the adaptive climate-related development finance. Therefore, this paper suggests that the direction of climate assistance should focus more on island countries and countries with low economic development level, and pay more attention to the “coal withdrawal” of recipient countries and climate adaptation field.

Реализация физических подходов к конструированию функциональных металлодиэлектрических систем на основе опалов в фотонике

The possibilities of practical implementation of physical approaches to the design of metal-dielectric photonic crystal systems based on opals, which allow controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves, are shown. The implemented approaches are based on the effects of excitation of surface plasmon-polaritons capable of propagating along the metal-dielectric interface in plasmonic-photonic layered heterostructures, and modification of the photonic-energy structure of the nanocomposite as a result of dispersion of silver in the opal matrix. Experimental results are presented indicating the occurrence of extraordinary transmission and absorption of light in plasmonic-photonic heterostructures, as well as the asymmetric shape of curves in the reflection spectra of nanocomposites, which is associated with the Fano resonance.

The Impact of Green Finance Development on China’s Energy Structure Optimization

This paper studies the impact of the development of green finance on China’s energy consumption structure. 17 basic indexes and the improved entropy weight method are used to construct the green finance index (GFI). Multiple regression, panel regression, and spatial regression are used to study the impact of green finance on China’s traditional energy and renewable energy consumption. The results show that there is a positive spatial spillover effect in the development of green finance among provinces in China. The development of green finance contributes to the conversion of traditional to renewable energy consumption. The effect of green finance on the transformation of energy consumption structure is mainly reflected in the direct effect. The green finance in each province not only helps the local development of green energy but also plays a good role in the production and utilization of clean energy consumption in surrounding provinces. Therefore, the government should support the green finance, reduce traditional energy consumption, and increase renewable energy consumption.

Construction and Application Analysis of Carbon Emission Influence Factor Model of Energy Consumption in Mining Industry

With the proposal of China’s “double carbon goal,” as a high energy-consuming industry, it is urgent for the mining industry to adopt a low-carbon development strategy. Therefore, in order to better provide reasonable suggestions and references for the low-carbon development of mining industry, referring to the methods and parameters of the 2006 IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines and China’s Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventory Preparation Guidelines (Trial), a carbon emission estimation model is established to estimate the carbon emission of energy consumption of China's mining industry from 2000 to 2020. Then, using the extended Kaya identity, the influencing factors of carbon emission in mining industry are decomposed into energy carbon emission intensity, energy structure, energy intensity, industrial structure, and output value. On this basis, an LMDI model is constructed to analyze the impact of five factors on carbon emission from mining industry. The research shows that the carbon emission and carbon emission intensity of energy consumption in China’s mining industry first rise and then fall and then rise slightly. The carbon emission intensity in recent three years is about 2 tons/10000 yuan. The increase in output value is the main factor to increase carbon emission. The reduction in energy intensity is the initiative of carbon emission reduction. The current energy structure of mining industry is not conducive to carbon emission reduction.

Primary Energy Consumption Structure and The Influencing Factors In China: An Income Decomposition and Post-Economic Crisis Era Perspective

China’s coal-based energy structure makes its carbon peak and neutrality goals very challenging. Therefore, the optimization of the energy structure has become an important means, and exploring its influencing factors and trends has become the basis and prerequisite for the formulation of policies related to the optimization of the energy structure. This study adopts regression methods considering heteroskedasticity and cross-section correlation to study the panel data of 30 provinces in China, and obtains the changes of relationship between the fossil and non-fossil fuels consumption of different regions and their influencing factors after two global financial crises. Research results show that, China's energy consumption tends to decouple from GDP. Income structure changes especially trade changes are important factors in influencing energy consumption and energy structure. The deviation of energy resources distribution and consumption distribution tends to strengthen. The impact of urbanization development models, energy prices and efficiency shows regional heteroskedasticity.

Study on Optimization Path of Energy Consumption Structure of Container Terminal

This study accounts current energy consumption of various types of equipments in Chinese container terminals through investigating typical terminals; compares and analyzes the clean energy application technologies from the perspectives of technical level, investment cost, and others; on this basis, construct the predictive model of energy consumption structure, and uses scenario analysis to carry out energy consumption predictions under each scenario and analyzes the effect of policy intervention, technological development and other factors. According to the predictive results, this study holds that in order to optimize energy structure of container terminal, container terminals should strongly promote the application of clean energy to port machinery instead of fuel on the basis of the industrial development and cost reduction of high-power and large-capacity power batteries; at the same time, strengthen policy encouragement and guidance are needed.

An Overview of Digital Twin Concept for Key Components of Renewable Energy Systems

Renewable energy (RE) is green and low-carbon energy, which can not only protect the environment, promote the technological diversification of the energy supply system, accelerate the adjustment of energy structure, but also has important significance for the sustainable development of economy. With the increasing complexity of the problems of renewable energy system asset management and ensuring the operational reliability of electric power equipment, it's necessary to establish remote, online, reliable monitoring and inspection techniques for the state evaluation of electrical equipment during the full life cycle. In order to meet these demands, the digital twin is a very suitable technology. In recent years, there are numerous scientific papers demonstrating DT's capabilities in virtual simulation, condition monitoring (CM), power optimization and fault diagnosis for RE generation systems, transmission and transformation equipment and storage systems. The majority of the research focusing on product design, maintenance of operation, condition monitoring and fault decision-making has provided many valuable contributions to academia and industrial fields. Nevertheless, all this valuable information is scattered over many literatures and it is lack of systematic generalization. In this article, different applications of DT technology in RE system are analyzed, advanced methods and theories are summarized comprehensively, and the development trend of DT technology in renewable energy system in the future is introduced.

Research on Energy-Related CO2 Emissions Characteristics, Decoupling Relationship and LMDI Factor Decomposition in Qinghai

Based on the statistical data from 1997 to 2017, with the utilization of the IPCC carbon accounting method, Tapio decoupling model, and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI), the temporal evolution characteristics of Qinghai’s energy-related carbon emissions, the decoupling relationship, and its driving factors were analyzed. The results indicated that 1) The carbon emissions of Qinghai showed a trend of first slowly increasing, then rapidly increasing, and finally fluctuating and decreasing. It increased from 3.85 million tons in 1997 to 14.33 million tons in 2017, with an average annual growth rate of 6.79%. The carbon emission intensity revealed a steady downward trend, from 189.82 tons/million CNY in 1997 to 54.6 tons/million CNY in 2017, with an average annual growth rate of –6.04%. 2) The relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth was represented by four types: weak decoupling, strong decoupling, expansion negative decoupling, and expansion coupling. Among them, a strong decoupling was achieved only in the five periods of 1997–1998, 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2013–2015, and 2016–2017. 3) The structural effect of energy consumption was the paramount factor in restraining carbon emissions, followed by the energy intensity effect, while economic growth, and population size were important factors facilitating the increase in carbon emissions. To this end, Qinghai should continuously optimize its energy structure and improve energy utilization efficiency, thus achieving economic green and high-quality development.