Small Visible Defect Detection based on Small Sample Analysis

ABSTRACT The assay of corticotrophin was performed in mice by means of small sample analysis of free plasma corticosteroids. In this method hypophysectomy was replaced by dexamethasone pretreatment. The response was measured preferably in a single mouse weighing 20 g or more. When mice of a lower body weight were used the plasma of two randomly assigned mice was pooled. Corticosteroids (mainly corticosterone) were determined fluorometrically in 0.25 (0.20) ml samples of plasma from heparinized blood. The results show that valid corticotrophin assays can be performed in mice both by the intravenous and subcutaneous route. Compared with the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion method or the plasma corticosteroid method in the rat the assay in mice was found to be at least five times more sensitive. 40 micro-units of corticotrophin were consistently detectable. Precision was dependent on the route of administration, the mean index of precision (s/b) being 0.20 in the intravenous and 0.12 in the subcutaneous assay. The difference was due to a steeper slope of the logdose-response line after subcutaneous administration. Contrary to the findings in the rat, corticotrophin A (oxycel purified) did not differ significantly in potency estimates from subcutaneous and intravenous assays in mice, when crude corticotrophin (U. S. P. Corticotropin Reference Standard) was the basis of comparison. Accordingly results of subcutaneous assays of corticotrophin A samples in terms of the U. S. P. standard were lower in mice than in rats. The use of gelatine instead of saline as diluent in the subcutaneous assays yielded slightly but not significantly higher potency estimates (25 per cent). The interpretation of the results is that for intravenous corticotrophin assays the mouse method is comparable to the rat assay. For subcutaneous corticotrophin assays, however, the mouse method is not suitable, if crude corticotrophin (U. S. P. standard) is the basis of comparison, but if corticotrophin A (oxycel purified) is the standard of reference (e. g. the Third International Standard for Corticotrophin), the mouse method may justifiably be used. The advantages of the mouse method are increased sensitivity, precision, convenience, and economy.

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Application of Data-Driven Iterative Learning Algorithm in Transmission Line Defect Detection

Scientific Programming ◽

10.1155/2021/9976209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Yuquan Chen ◽

Hongxing Wang ◽

Jie Shen ◽

Xingwei Zhang ◽

Xiaowei Gao

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Transmission Line ◽

Target Detection ◽

Defect Detection ◽

Learning Algorithm ◽

Small Sample ◽

Iterative Learning ◽

Data Driven ◽

Learning Technology ◽

Line Defect

Deep learning technology has received extensive consideration in recent years, and its application value in target detection is also increasing day by day. In order to accelerate the practical process of deep learning technology in electric transmission line defect detection, the current work used the improved Faster R-CNN algorithm to achieve data-driven iterative training and defect detection functions for typical transmission line defect targets. Based on Faster R-CNN, we proposed an improved network that combines deformable convolution and feature pyramid modules and combined it with a data-driven iterative learning algorithm; it achieves extremely automated and intelligent transmission line defect target detection, forming an intelligent closed-loop image processing. The experimental results show that the increase of the recognition of improved Faster R-CNN network combined with data-driven iterative learning algorithm for the pin defect target is 31.7% more than Faster R-CNN. In the future, the proposed method can quickly improve the accuracy of transmission line defect target detection in a small sample and save manpower. It also provides some theoretical guidance for the practical work of transmission line defect target detection.

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