STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING OIL SPILL RELATED CONFLICTS IN THE NIGER DELTA: A CASE STUDY OF BAYELSA STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-483
Author(s):  
Ndidiamaka Chijioke ◽  
Susan Audu-Bako ◽  
Ikechukwu Uwakwe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Exploration Activity

The discovery of crude oil in Oloibiri-a town in the present Bayelsa state, Niger-Delta region of Nigeria) in 1956 and the subsequent exploration activities have over the years impacted tremendously not only on the ecosystem and livelihood pattern of the Niger Delta but on the pattern of conflicts that has trended.. While resources accruable to Nigeria from sale of crude oil are shared by all, the impacts of oil spill an offshoot of crude oil exploration activities are borne solely by the Niger Delta region. Oil spill appears to have found a permanent abode in Bayelsa state; from Southern Ijaw to Sagbama local governments, Olodiama to Azuzuama communities. Local communities are faced with the problem of continuous oil spill. This in turn has brought about conflicts between oil bearing communities and oil companies. These conflicts in some instances led to shut down of operations of oil companies, vandalism, and reduction of Nigeria’s crude export. In view of the illustrated background, this study examined the strategies for management of oil spill related conflicts in Bayelsa state regarding that oil spill is a key impact of crude oil exploration activity. Findings revealed that the strategies deployed in the management of oil spill in the state can be categorised into three: community strategies, regulators and non-governmental organisations strategies.

Geoinformation for Oil Spill Disaster Management in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 432-438
Author(s):  
Henry A.P. Audu ◽  
J.O. Ehiorobo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Oil Transport ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Response Modelling ◽  
Derived Data ◽  
Management Operation

One of the major ecological and environmental problems confronting the Niger Delta region of Nigeria today is degradation and hazard arising from oil spill. Spillage occurs in this region either from vandalisation or sabotage by ethnic militants, youths who are jobless and therefore deliberately break open crude oil transport pipelines to scoop fuel for sale in the black market to earn a living or rupture of pipes due to ageing and mechanical malfunction. In most spillages, farmlands are lost, aquatic and wildlife is affected, and people are in many cases displaced from their homes. In extreme cases as occurred in Jesse, lives were lost. This paper examines the use of Geoinformation technology in oil spill response modelling and management. The use Global Positioning System (GPS) derived data for the creation of a management database is discussed. Data generated from the Jesse spill and fire site covering these areas were used to generate case study scenario for oil spill response modelling and clean up management operation.

The Economy of Conflict in the Oil Rich Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Ikelegbe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
International Community ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Resource Conflicts ◽  
Niger Delta Region

AbstractEconomies of war underpinned by greed and opportunities have been posited to underlie causality, dynamics and the sustenance of conflicts – particularly Africa's resource wars. This study examines the economy of conflict in the resource conflicts in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. It found that a conflict economy comprising an intensive and violent struggle for resource opportunities, inter and intra communal/ethnic conflicts over resources, and the theft and trading in refined and crude oil has blossomed since the 1990s. This paper examines the interfaces between the Nigerian state, multinational oil companies, the international community, and youth militias with the economy. This paper found that though the economy did not cause the conflict, it has become a part of the resistance and a resource for sustaining it. The economy underpins an extensive proliferation of arms and the institutions of violence and the pervasiveness of crime, violence and communal/ethnic conflicts.

scholarly journals Effects of crude oil treatment on the morphology and performance of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms) in Niger-Delta region of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chukwudi Iwubeh ◽  
Izundu Alexandra Ikechukwu ◽  
Egboka Tochukwu Praise ◽  
Anukwuorji Chidozie Azubuike ◽  
Anyaegbu Chiamaka Francise
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Many aquatic plants existing in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria are at the risk of extinction due to oil spill. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of different concentrations of crude oil on the morphology and growth performance of the hydrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes present in coastal waters of Nigeria’s Niger Delta region, where crude oil exploitation as well as oil spill is high. The plant, E. crassipes was subjected to varying concentrations of crude oil treatments (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%). Each treatment was replicated three times. The performance was measured using various growth parameters which include height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight. The results showed that the control plant performed better than the treated plants with respect to all the morphological characters considered. The control plant of E. crassipes produced a height of 7.56±0.028 from an initial height of 6.02±0.028. Among the treated plants, 1.25% and 2.5% promoted height, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight up to the 6th week of growth while 7.5% and 10% decreased plant height up to the 4th week. The E. crassipes treated with 7.5% and 10% crude oil concentrations died 6 weeks following the treatments. The ability of E. crassipes to tolerate the different levels of crude oil was authenticated in this study. However, the study showed that there is a limit of sustenance of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution for E. crassipes above which toxicity will apply.

Application of nitrogen fixing bacteria and poultry droppings for enhanced bioremediation of crude oil polluted-soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
V.C Wokem ◽  
E.D. Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Enhanced Bioremediation ◽  
Poultry Droppings

The exploration, production and refining of crude oil has led to severe environmental degradation in the oil producing communities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Enhanced bioremediation of tropical rainforest soil artificially polluted with crude oil, bioaugmented with nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) and biostimulated with poultry droppings was carried out ex situ. Soil sample was collected at 15cm depth from tropical rainforest soil of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The NFB was isolated from roots of leguminous plant Arachis hypogea, identified as Nitrobacter species. Bioaugmentation by application of NFB served as option A, option B (biostimulation by application of poultry droppings), option C (No amendment) served as the control. Bioremediation was monitored for 28 days for interval of 14 days, and determined using the percentage ratio of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) losses for each period to TPH at initial day (day zero). Results of total culturable heterotrophic bacterial (TCHB) counts showed that highest range in option B (1.9×104- 2.4×109Cfu/g) than in option A (7.8×106 -2.29×107Cfu/g) and C (6.75×106 -2.6×107Cfu/g) respectively. Similarly, hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial (HUB) counts had higher range in option B (1.20×105 - 1.9×107Cfu/g) than in option A (8.30×104 - 2.30×105Cfu/g) and option C control (4.3×104 −1.69×105 Cfu/g) respectively. Changes in physicochemical parameters during the study showed reductions in nitrate, phosphate and TPH in all the options expect pH which showed slight increase in option C (6.20-6.24). Characterization and identification for bacteria revealed the following HUB genera Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Klebsiella, Staphylocuccus and Nitrobacter). The percentage losses in TPH from gas chromatography (GC) results showed the following; option A (44.24%) option B (61.08%) and option C - control (27.28%) respectively. The results from this study showed that option B, the application of poultry droppings as biostimulant was more efficient than the application of NFB in enhanced bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil, hence the use of poultry droppings which is available as organic waste, eco-friendly and cost-effective is recommended asbiostimulant for enhanced bioremediation in environmental cleanup of crude oil impacted-sites of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Key Words: Bioremediation, Crude oil polluted-soil, Biostimulation, Bioaugumentation, Poultry droppings, Nitrogen fixing bacteria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document