scholarly journals O znaczeniu Świny we wczesnym średniowieczu

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Marian Rębkowski
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Baltic

The article contains an analysis of archaeological and historical sources related to the Świna, one of three straits constituting the mouth of the Oder to the Baltic. By referring to the sources, an attempt was made to evaluate the ways of taking advantage of the strait and its significance in the early Middle Ages.

The cosmology of the early medieval emporia?

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
Central Places ◽  
The Relationship

This characteristically thoughtful essay by Frans Theuws illustrates how far our analysis of central places in the early Middle Ages has advanced. Like his study of Maastricht (2001), it reveals a close reading of the archaeological and historical sources. Indeed, as Michael McCormick's encyclopaedic volume (2001) on the origins of the medieval economy shows with stunning authority, as archaeologists we have taken huge strides since Philip Grierson quipped, ‘It has been said that the spade cannot lie, but it owes this merit in part to the fact that it cannot speak’ (1959, 129). Hence it comes as no surprise that Theuws is exploring the ‘relationship between forms of exchange and the imaginary world from which “value” is derived’ (p. 121).

scholarly journals INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE IN THE ORKHON-YENISEI MONUMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (09) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Fazilat Kholmuminovna Kasimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Asian State ◽  
Central Asian State

Runic writing became widespread among the Turkic-speaking tribes of Southern Siberia, Central and Central Asia during the historical period when these tribes were part of the largest Central Asian state of the early Middle Ages — the Turkic Khaganate. The first information about the Turk tribe is contained in Chinese sources — the dynastic histories as "Zhou Shu", "Bei Qi Shu", "Sui Shu" and "Bei Shi". The Chinese spelling of the ethnonym-tujue is reconstructed as turkut; this latter form of the ethnonym is unknown in other (non-Chinese) literary monuments of the VI-X centuries. According to historical sources, the design of the name Turk by the plural affix - (y)/, characteristic of the Mongolian languages — is a consequence of the perception of the ethnonym by the Chinese through the medium of the Mongolian-speaking Zhuan-zhuans.

scholarly journals On the origins and chronology of the Wolin emporium

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Rębkowski
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Craft Production ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Viking Period

The paper concerns the problem of the origin of Wolin as an emporium in the early Middle Ages. The excavations conducted in the 1960s and 1970s in the Old Town of Wolin recorded extremely rich cultural deposits of considerable thickness, in some cases exceeding eight meters. Results of recent studies on the finds and on the archival documentation from these excavations indicate that it can be dated to the period between circa 800–1400. During this time four main stages of land-use in the place are clearly visible. The second of them, dated since circa 850 up to circa 1100, involved a large settlement of the area of a few hectars with a tightly packed, regularly laid-out wooden buildings and wood-paved communication roads leading to the port. The size of the settlement, its regular layout and a building style are alien to the Baltic Slavic region of that period. Considering also remains of intense craft production recorded on the site, it may be concluded that in that period there was a craft and trade settlement with all the features of a Baltic emporium. This was established in the place of an older, small, seasonal settlement. The transformation and the growth of the settlement must have been related to the development of the so-called Baltic economic zone of the Viking period and can be also attributed to a change in communication routes in the mouth of the Oder and the collapse of the craft and trade settlement in Menzlin on the Peene. 

scholarly journals Z badań nad obecnością skandynawów na południowym wybrzeżu Bałtyku w początkach średniowiecza

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Hauke Jöns ◽  
Anna B. Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Southern Shore ◽  
The Baltic

Interdisciplinary research into Scandinavian presence in the Slavic domain at the southern shore of the Baltic in the early Middle Ages has provided new data conducive to reconstruction of the natural and cultural landscapes.

scholarly journals The sword scabbard fitting from Gardzień near Iława. A contribution to arms studies on the Baltic-Slavic border

2018 ◽  
Vol 301 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-439
Author(s):  
Janowski Andrzej
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Middle Ages

In 2017, the lower fitting of a sword scabbard, discovered some 500 m east of Lake Stęgwica near Gardzień, Iława district, was transferred to the collections of the Ostróda Museum. The artefact is damaged, but only superficially. Despite the degradation of some parts of the decoration, on the basis of the general shape, the legible parts and stylistic features, this object can clearly be classified as type Va in the typology of the Lithuanian weapon specialist Vytautas Kazakevičius. The chronology of the artefact spans the 11th–13th centuries. According to the authors, the Gardzień chape should be considered a product of Prussian provenance, or perhaps from Courland, which is suggested by a find from Siraičiai in Lithuania, with the closest analogous ornamentation. The place where the chape was discovered was, during the early Middle Ages, in the zone broadly understood as the Slavic-Baltic border. In this sense, it is possible to connect the context of the discovery to the tripartite division of Prussian territorial ties: tribal territory (Pomesania), land (Prezla) and the lauks (campus Schinewite). The presence of this artefact in the area of today’s Gardzień can be associated with the frontier character of this region in the Middle Ages and the resulting militarisation of the population forced to face neighbouring aggression more often than usual.

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