scholarly journals INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE IN THE ORKHON-YENISEI MONUMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (09) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Fazilat Kholmuminovna Kasimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Asian State ◽  
Central Asian State

Runic writing became widespread among the Turkic-speaking tribes of Southern Siberia, Central and Central Asia during the historical period when these tribes were part of the largest Central Asian state of the early Middle Ages — the Turkic Khaganate. The first information about the Turk tribe is contained in Chinese sources — the dynastic histories as "Zhou Shu", "Bei Qi Shu", "Sui Shu" and "Bei Shi". The Chinese spelling of the ethnonym-tujue is reconstructed as turkut; this latter form of the ethnonym is unknown in other (non-Chinese) literary monuments of the VI-X centuries. According to historical sources, the design of the name Turk by the plural affix - (y)/, characteristic of the Mongolian languages — is a consequence of the perception of the ethnonym by the Chinese through the medium of the Mongolian-speaking Zhuan-zhuans.

CENTRAL ASIA IN TRAVELING OF BUDDHIST MONAS: VII -VIII centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Maхpurat Xubbaliyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Buddhist Monk ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of

In this article, the author analyzes the work “Da Tang Siyu-tzu” of the Buddhist monk Xuanzan, who visited the Central Asian region in the early Middle Ages, and other sources on the history of Central Asia in this source. This article is devoted to one of the most pressing problems in the history of Central Asia in the early Middle Ages.

scholarly journals Relations between the ancient Turks and the Yenisei Kyrgyz at the turn of the early Middle Ages (ancient Turks at the turn of the early Middle Ages)

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Khudyakov ◽  
A. Yu. Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Chinese Empire ◽  
Vast Territory

It is represented in an article the history of the Turks till the second half of the 1st millennium A.D., from migration period out of Central Asian steppes to boundaries of the Chinese empire and their resettlement to the Altai Mountains, when the Old Turkic state was at its greatest height, took control the number of sedentary agriculturist oases and successfully confronted the major powers of that time - Chinese Persian and Byzantine empires. Throughout the vast territory of the Sayan and Altai Mountains and Central Asian region there are represented all major types of funerary and memorial constructions of the Old Turks, which constitutes burial places according to the ritual of inhumation accompanied by riding horses or rams and memorial complexes in the form of vertically dug stone plates fences with vertically fixed stone steles. Authors of the article consider designated historical period of the Old Turkic history from the perspective of interaction of the Old Turks and Kyrgyz, who resided in the territory of Minusinsk Hollow. Mutual relations between those two peoples took various forms in different times: unabashedly hostile passively feudatory, when the Yenisei Kyrgyz preferred not to show pure resistance to the Turks. However, such instability of their own position has not disturbed the Kyrgyz to expand the range of their own vassals.

scholarly journals An Iron Sword from Southern Siberia in the Collection of the Minusinsk Museum of Local History

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Khudyakov ◽  
A. Yu. Borisenko ◽  
K. T. Akmatov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Local History ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Individual Type

Purpose. We studied a rare finding of an iron sword, that was coincidentally discovered at the beginning of the 20th Century in the outskirts of Kuragino Village on the territory of Minusinsk Hollow. At present, the finding is stored in the collection of long blade weapon objects in the Minusinsk Museum of Local History. Results. The authors traced the most significant events and results achieved in the course of previous studying of archaeological findings of ancient and medieval swords on the territory of Southern Siberia and Central Asia. Definite formal signs, considerable for identification of typological affiliation, of the sword finding from the Kuragino Village are singled out. According to the formal signs, this finding is related to a particular individual type of iron swords. The item has a long, right double-edged blade and a removable guard, which is smoothly curved to sideways of the blade, and a right handle’s haft. Conclusion. Our analysis allows us to conclude that the iron sword was likely to be used by the Yenisei Kyrgyz warriors in the course of hostilities with their adversaries among the nomads, against the Old Turks and Uyghurs people, on the territory of Southern Siberia and contiguous territories of the Central Asian region during a certain historical period, including the Early Middle Ages, in particular the third quarter of the 1st millennium A. D. That historical period included inception of the Yenisei Kyrgyz state on the territory of the steppe regions of Minusinsk Hollow, which is located to the north of the West-Sayan Mountains.

scholarly journals Localization of the Kyrgyz Residence Areas in Southern Siberia and Central Asia within the Periods of late Antiquity, Early and High Middle Ages

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Yuliy S. Khudyakov ◽  
Alisa Yu. Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
High Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Tian Shan

Purpose. This article considers and analyzes the information, contained in ancient and medieval sources, about residence areas of the Yenisei and Central Asian Kyrgyz during particular historical periods, including late Antiquity, Early and High Middle Ages. These periods are related to the time of existence of political and military domination in the Central Asian Region of the ancient and medieval Turkic and Mongolian nomads, including Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turkic, Teles and Khitan nomadic ethnic groups. Results. During one of those historical periods, after the defeat of the Uyghur Khaganate, the Kyrgyz themselves dominated over Central Asian steppes. Resettlement areas of the Kyrgyz in Central Asia and Southern Siberia changed considerably on several occasions. During various historical periods, the Kyrgyz resided in the territory of Eastern Tian Shan, within the bounds of modern Xinjiang and during the following historical periods in Minusinsk Basin as well, followed by the vast territories of the Sayan and Altai Mountains and a major part of Central Asia, as well as within the bounds of the Western Tian Shan mountain range. The article analyzes the available informative historical data in ancient and medieval sources about the main resettlement areas of the Kyrgyz in different territories in definite time periods of their residence within the bounds of the Central Asian historical and cultural region. Conclusion. Since their repeated resettlement into the eastern Tian Shan region in the era of the Kyrgyz Great Power, the Old Kyrgyz descendants could have reclaimed the mountains and valleys of Tengir-Too. They could have also restored their statehood at the turn of historical modernity, firstly in its capacity as a republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and during the last decades by way of the independent state of the Kyrgyz Republic in the Commonwealth of Independent States. Despite all existing current complexities, the Kyrgyz keep their State.

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE IN UZBEKISTAN (20-80S OF THE XX-TH CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Oydinkhon akhtiyorzoda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Research ◽  
State University ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Asian State ◽  
Scientific Personnel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Asian State ◽  
Geological Science

The Article being considered the history of the creation and development of geological science in Uzbekistan using the example of the activities of scientists from Central Asian State University and Tashkent State University.Special attention is paid to the study of the practical orientation of geological surveys, fieldwork and laboratory research. As well as, shown is the phased discoveries, based on the research of University staff and their training of scientific personnel, specialized research institutions in the field of geology

Sedelnikovaea baicalensis (Lecanoraceae) — new lichen genus and species for Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
T. V. Makryi
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Mountain Belts ◽  
First Time ◽  
Vast Range

Sedelnikovaea baicalensis, the Siberian-Central Asian lichen species, is recorded for the first time for Europe. Based on all the known localities, including those first-time reported from Baikal Siberia, the peculiarities of the ecology and distribution of this species are discussed, the map of its distribution is provided. It is concluded that the species was erroneously considered earlier as a Central Asian endemic. The center of the present range of this lichen is the steppes of Southern Siberia and Mongolia. Assumptions are made that S. baicalensis is relatively young (Paleogene-Neogene) species otherwise it would have a vast range extending beyond Asia, and also that the Yakut locations of this species indicate that in the Pleistocene its range was wider and covered a significant part of the Northeastern Siberia but later underwent regression. Based on the fact that in the mountains of Central Asia the species is found only in the upper mountain belts, it is proposed to characterize it as «cryo-arid xerophyte» in contrast to «arid xerophytes». A conclusion is made that the presence of extensive disjunctions of S. baicalensis range between the Southern Pre-Urals and the Altai-Sayan Mountains or the Mountains of Central Asia is unlikely; the lichen is most likely to occur in the Urals and most of Kazakhstan.

The cosmology of the early medieval emporia?

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
Central Places ◽  
The Relationship

This characteristically thoughtful essay by Frans Theuws illustrates how far our analysis of central places in the early Middle Ages has advanced. Like his study of Maastricht (2001), it reveals a close reading of the archaeological and historical sources. Indeed, as Michael McCormick's encyclopaedic volume (2001) on the origins of the medieval economy shows with stunning authority, as archaeologists we have taken huge strides since Philip Grierson quipped, ‘It has been said that the spade cannot lie, but it owes this merit in part to the fact that it cannot speak’ (1959, 129). Hence it comes as no surprise that Theuws is exploring the ‘relationship between forms of exchange and the imaginary world from which “value” is derived’ (p. 121).

From Soviet Republics to Independent Countries: Challenges of Transition in Central Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 291-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirzohid Rahimov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Creation

AbstractIn the twentieth century, the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan passed through a complex historical period. They were originally founded as republics of the Soviet Union in the 1920s-30s as a result of national and territorial state delimitation. The process of the creation of new national state formations began after the Soviet Union disintegrated and these republics achieved independence. At the same time, the region's nations are facing complex problems of transition and the creation of new societies. Nevertheless, these countries have to continue the process of political and economic reforms, as well as development of civic institutions. The Central Asian nations established contacts with foreign states and international organizations and started to form a system of interstate relations between the countries of the region. There are potentials for development of regional integration of Central Asia. Future integration will depend on the readiness of the nations to carry out political and economic reforms, introduce forms and methods of economic regulation compatible with global norms, and most important, international support of political reforms and regional integration.

scholarly journals The Infancy and Development of Hadith in Central Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4537-4541
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Asian Cities ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic

This article discusses process of beginnings and development of the Hadith study in Central Asia in the Early Islamic period. The first transmitters of hadith in Mawarannahr were the Arabs who participated in the wars of invasion. Among the first narrators of hadith (isnad) in Central Asia, were eyewitnesses the Prophet's life, called as’habs or companions of the Prophet. The second link in the chain of narrators of hadith was represented by at-tabi'in, i.e. followers of the Prophet's companions, who communicated hadith from the words of as’hab. In Mawarannahr, the followers were represented mostly by the ‘Arabs that settled in Marw and settlements in its environs in the second half of the 7th century. The next link in the chain of narrators of hadith is the tubba' at-tabi'in, the apprentice of a follower of the companions of Muhammad the Prophet, many of whom lived in Marw and its environs in the 8th century. Though at the beginning of the 8th century it was mainly the ‘Arabs and their Iranian mawali (pl. of mawla) who narrated hadith, by the mid-8th century this science had already been adopted by representatives of the Central Asian peoples. In subsequent centuries, the study of hadith was widespread in Central Asia and it became one of the leading centers of development of ‘Arab-Muslim scholarship and culture. Besides Marw and the other towns of Khurasan, the most important centers of hadith study in the region were Samarqand, Bukhara, Termiz, Nasaf, Kesh, Khwarizm, and Shash. The development of the science of hadith criticism gave impulse to another branch of science—the historical-biographical one. In the 9th century the first collections containing biographies of famous narrators of hadith were compiled. This practice fasted until the late Middle Ages. Written sources give us the biographies of 3,000 transmitters of hadith that lived in different Central Asian cities before the beginning of the 13th century.

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