scholarly journals Altered white matter tract property related to impaired focused attention, sustained attention, cognitive impulsivity and vigilance in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huey-Ling Chiang ◽  
Yu-Jen Chen ◽  
Yu-Chun Lo ◽  
Wen-Yih Isaac Tsen ◽  
Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
White Matter Tract ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impulsivity

Attentional Lapses in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Blank Rather Than Wandering Thoughts

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1375-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Van den Driessche ◽  
Mikaël Bastian ◽  
Hugo Peyre ◽  
Coline Stordeur ◽  
Éric Acquaviva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Attentional Lapses ◽  
Train Of Thought

People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties sustaining their attention on external tasks. Such attentional lapses have often been characterized as the simple opposite of external sustained attention, but the different types of attentional lapses, and the subjective experiences to which they correspond, remain unspecified. In this study, we showed that unmedicated children (ages 6–12) with ADHD, when probed during a standard go/no-go task, reported more mind blanking (a mental state characterized by the absence of reportable content) than did control participants. This increase in mind blanking happened at the expense of both focused and wandering thoughts. We also found that methylphenidate reverted the level of mind blanking to baseline (i.e., the level of mind blanking reported by control children without ADHD). However, this restoration led to mind wandering more than to focused attention. In a second experiment, we extended these findings to adults who had subclinical ADHD. These results suggest that executive functions impaired in ADHD are required not only to sustain external attention but also to maintain an internal train of thought.

scholarly journals COMT genotype affects brain white matter pathways in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Beom Hong ◽  
Andrew Zalesky ◽  
Subin Park ◽  
Young-Hui Yang ◽  
Min-Hyeon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Comt Genotype ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain White Matter

Abnormal asymmetry in frontostriatal white matter in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Silk ◽  
Veronika Vilgis ◽  
Chris Adamson ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Lisa Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Comprehensive Examination of Frontal Regions in Boys and Girls with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mark Mahone ◽  
Marin E. Ranta ◽  
Deana Crocetti ◽  
Jessica O'Brien ◽  
Walter E. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Medial Pfc ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes ◽  
Girls With Adhd

AbstractThe current study examined regional frontal lobe volumes based on functionally relevant subdivisions in contemporaneously recruited samples of boys and girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty-four boys (21 ADHD, 23 control) and 42 girls (21 ADHD, 21 control), ages 8–13 years, participated. Sulcal–gyral landmarks were used to manually delimit functionally relevant regions within the frontal lobe: primary motor cortex, anterior cingulate, deep white matter, premotor regions [supplementary motor complex (SMC), frontal eye field, lateral premotor cortex (LPM)], and prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions [medial PFC, dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), inferior PFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and medial OFC]. Compared to sex-matched controls, boys and girls with ADHD showed reduced volumes (gray and white matter) in the left SMC. Conversely, girls (but not boys) with ADHD showed reduced gray matter volume in left LPM; while boys (but not girls) with ADHD showed reduced white matter volume in left medial PFC. Reduced left SMC gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go commission rate in children with ADHD. Reduced left LPM gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go variability, but only among girls with ADHD. Results highlight different patterns of anomalous frontal lobe development among boys and girls with ADHD beyond that detected by measuring whole lobar volumes. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1047–1057)

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