Chapter 1. Schools as Social Institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions

Trust and Transitional Justice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Change Characteristic ◽  
Communist Countries

Chapter 1 provides a literature review upon which to build the theoretical scaffolding of this book and explicates the development of the lustration typology. The chapter reviews the trust literature, highlighting differences in the origins and effects of trust in public institutions, trust in government, interpersonal trust, and trust in social institutions. Chapter 1 also reviews the literature on lustration and transitional justice, highlighting the design and use of measures in the post-communist region. From this literature, Chapter 1 develops a transitional justice typology consisting of four different categories of lustration and public disclosure programs based on the scope and implementation of programs and the degree of bureaucratic and symbolic change characteristic of the different programs. This typology is then used to categorize post-communist countries in Chapter 2.

The Kingdom of the Deirans, 450–650

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-56
Author(s):  
Thomas Pickles
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Moment

Chapter 1 considers the formation and organization of the kingdom of the Deirans during the period 450–650 as a context for conversion. It reconstructs the formation of the kingdom, and the social institutions and religious beliefs of its population, from a combination of fifth- to seventh-century mortuary archaeology and early eighth-century histories. It observes that the kingdom developed from processes of migration, social stratification, political centralization, ethnogenesis, and expansion, which were still under way at the moment of conversion. It emphasizes that social organization was based on local free kin groups whose social position was uncertain, whose social status was projected through pre-Christian religious beliefs, and through whom kings operated with limited authority and power. It suggests that the social strategies of these kin groups and this political context shaped the decision to convert and the social process of conversion.

Robot Reality Check

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Spiritual Beliefs ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Reality Check ◽  
Family Narrative

Missing from Innovation 25—and from the Inobe family narrative—is explicit attention to religious and spiritual beliefs and practices. As explained in chapter 1, Shinto metaphysics provides a synergistic nature-culture platform for studying human-robot coexistence. Several Buddhist temples have begun to advertise funeral and memorial services for robots and computers based on the fact that these devices have profound personal and familial significance. These services also include recycling options. The implications of advanced technology, like robotics, in the service of traditional social institutions are considered. The inconvenient truths informing proposals to incorporate robots into everyday life and work highlight the need for a reality check on robot visions and humanoid promises.

Quick Reference: Chapter 1: The Musculoskeletal System: The Hand and Upper Extremity

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Abnormal Illness Behavior ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Dorsal Column Stimulation ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Abstract Spinal cord (dorsal column) stimulation (SCS) and intraspinal opioids (ISO) are treatments for patients in whom abnormal illness behavior is absent but who have an objective basis for severe, persistent pain that has not been adequately relieved by other interventions. Usually, physicians prescribe these treatments in cancer pain or noncancer-related neuropathic pain settings. A survey of academic centers showed that 87% of responding centers use SCS and 84% use ISO. These treatments are performed frequently in nonacademic settings, so evaluators likely will encounter patients who were treated with SCS and ISO. Does SCS or ISO change the impairment associated with the underlying conditions for which these treatments are performed? Although the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) does not specifically address this question, the answer follows directly from the principles on which the AMA Guides impairment rating methodology is based. Specifically, “the impairment percents shown in the chapters that consider the various organ systems make allowance for the pain that may accompany the impairing condition.” Thus, impairment is neither increased due to persistent pain nor is it decreased in the absence of pain. In summary, in the absence of complications, the evaluator should rate the underlying pathology or injury without making an adjustment in the impairment for SCS or ISO.

Fifth Edition: the New Standard

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

Chapter 1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Servicio Geológico Colombiano SGC
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