scholarly journals Assessment of genotoxicity of Lannate-90® and its plant and animal metabolites in human lymphocyte cultures

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Valencia-Quintana ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Arroyo ◽  
Juana Sánchez-Alarcón ◽  
Mirta Milić ◽  
José Luis Gómez Olivares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Cellular Death ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Animal Metabolism

AbstractThis study evaluated direct and metabolic genotoxic effects caused by Lannate-90®, a methomyl-based formulation (90 % active ingredient), in human lymphocyte cultures using sister chromatid exchange assay (SCE). Two processes were used for the plant promutagens evaluation: in vivo activation, applying the insecticide systemically in plants for 4 h and subsequently adding plant metabolites containing extracts to lymphocyte cultures; and in vitro activation, where the insecticide was incubated with Vicia faba S10 mix plus human lymphocyte culture. Direct treatment with the insecticide significantly increased SCE frequency in human lymphocytes (250-750 mgL−1), with cellular death observed at 1000 mgL−1 concentration. Using the extracts of Vicia faba treated with Lannate-90® to treat human lymphocytes, a dose-response relationship was observed. In lymphocyte cultures treated directly with the insecticide for 2 h, a negative response was obtained. When S10 mix was added, SCE frequency did not change significantly. Meanwhile, a mixture of S9 mammalian metabolic mix and Lannate-90® increased the SCE frequency, with an observed concentration-dependent response. Although Lannate-90® induced cellular death at the highest concentrations, it did not cause a delay in cell proliferation in any of the treatments, confirming its genotoxic action. This study is one of the first to evaluate and compare the direct effect of Lannate-90® in two bioassays, animal and vegetal, and the effect of plant and animal metabolism on its genotoxic potential.

scholarly journals Genotoxic effects of the carbamate insecticide Pirimor-50® in Vicia faba root tip meristems and human lymphocyte culture after direct application and treatment with its metabolic extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Valencia-Quintana ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Arroyo ◽  
Juana Sánchez-Alarcón ◽  
Mirta Milić ◽  
José Luis Gómez Olivares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Animal Metabolism ◽  
Index Ratio

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate genotoxic effects of Pirimor-50®, a pirimicarb-based formulation (50 % active ingredient), in human lymphocyte cultures and Vicia faba root meristems. Furthermore, the objective was to examine a combined influence of insecticide treatment with mammalian microsomal S9 and vegetal S10 metabolic fractions or S10 mix metabolic transformation extracts (after Vicia faba primary roots treatment with Pirimor-50®). We used sister chromatid exchange assay-SCE and measured cell cycle progression and proliferation (proportion of M1-M3 metaphases and replication index ratio-RI). Two processes were used for plant promutagen activation: in vivo activation-Pirimor-50® was applied for 4 h to the plant and then S10 mix was added to lymphocytes; and, in vitro activation-lymphocytes were treated with Pirimor-50® and S10 or S9 for 2 h. Direct treatment induced significantly higher SCE frequencies in meristems at 0.01 mg mL-1. In lymphocytes, significantly higher SCE was at 1 mg mL-1 with decrease in RI and M1-M3 metaphase proportions at 0.5 mg mL-1 and cell division stop at 2.5 mg mL1. S10 mix lymphocyte treatment showed significantly elevated SCE values at 2-2.5 mg mL-1, with cell death at 3 mg mL-1. Lymphocyte treatment with Pirimor-50® together with S9 or S10 showed slightly elevated SCE frequency but had a significant influence on RI decrease, with lowest values in S9 treatment. Since no data are available on the genotoxicity of Pirimor-50®, this study is one of the first to evaluate and compare its direct effect in two bioassays, animal and vegetal, and also the effect of plant and animal metabolism on its genotoxic potential.

scholarly journals Satureja subspicata and S. horvatii Extracts Induce Overexpression of the BCl-2 Family of Anti-apoptotic Genes and Reduce Micronuclei Frequency in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Jasmina Čakar ◽  
Naida Kadrić Lojo ◽  
Anja Haverić ◽  
Maida Hadžić ◽  
Lejla Lasić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Genes ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

Satureja subspicata and S. horvatii are endemic species of the Balkan Peninsula and often used in traditional medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina to treat different health conditions. We aimed to analyze the unevaluated apoptotic, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of two Satureja species, as well as their content of phenolics that are mainly responsible for the plant's biological activity. Apoptotic and geno/cytotoxic activities of S. subspicata and S. horvatii were investigated in vitro in human lymphocyte culture and in vivo in mice. The content of the main phenolics in plant extracts was determined by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-MS-MS (UHPLC–MS/MS). Genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of Satureja extracts were evaluated in vitro by applying a cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in human lymphocyte culture and in vivo applying a mice reticulocytes micronucleus assay. SALSA RT-MLPA R011-C1 apoptosis assay was used for measuring the relative expression of 44 genes associated with the regulation of the apoptotic pathways in human lymphocyte cultures treated with different concentrations of two Satureja extracts. The first analysis of phenolic compounds in S. horvatii and S. subspicata determined by an UHPLC-MS/MS method revealed high levels of rosmarinic and caffeic acids. Minor genotoxic potential was determined in relation to the tested concentrations while no cytostatic and cytotoxic effects were revealed in vitro. However, when applied in concentrations of 200 mg/kg per os, aqueous extracts of two Satureja species significantly decreased frequency of reticulocytes micronuclei in treated mice against controls. Extracts of S. subspicata and S. horvatii in concentrations of 0.2 mg/mL, regardless of solvent used, downregulated pro-apoptotic and upregulated anti-apoptotic genes, showing anti-apoptotic activity. Our results indicate that the registered anti-genotoxic and anti-apoptotic activity is most likely related to the high level of phenolic acids (particularly rosmarinic and caffeic) in the tested extracts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Micromeria pulegium (Rochel) Benth Extract in Human Lymphocytes and Gr-M Melanoma Cells in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Haverić ◽  
Jasmina Čakar ◽  
Maida Hadžić ◽  
Sanin Haverić
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Cytome Assay

Micromeria pulegium (Rochel) Benth. is an endemic species of Lamiacea family that includes frequently used plants in culinary and folk medicine. As cytotoxic potential of some species of Micromeria genus has been confirmed, this study aimed to test unknown antiproliferative and genotoxic potential of M. pulegium, endemic bh species, aqueous leaf extract in normal (human lymphocytes) and cancer (human melanoma GR-M) cells in order to protect small populations of native M. pulegium populations or promote its controlled micropropagation or cultivation. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay was applied for human lymphocyte cultures, while trypan blue exclusion assay was used for evaluation of cytotoxicity in human GR-M melanoma cells. Results demonstrate no genotoxic effects up to concentration of 0.2 mg/ml in human lymphocyte in vitro but significant reduction of cell viability in human GR-M melanoma cell line cultures treated with 0.3 mg/ml of Micromeria extract.

In vitro analysis of the homing properties of human lymphocytes: developmental regulation of functional receptors for high endothelial venules

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-582
Author(s):  
ST Jalkanen ◽  
EC Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
High Endothelial Venules ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Vitro Model

Circulating lymphocytes leave the blood by binding to specialized high endothelial cells lining postcapillary venules in lymphoid organs or sites of chronic inflammations, migrating through the vessel wall into the surrounding tissue. The capacity of lymphocytes to recognize and bind to high endothelial venules (HEVs) is thus central to the overall process of lymphocyte traffic and recirculation. We show that viable human lymphocytes bind selectively to HEVs in frozen sections of normal human lymph nodes, thus defining a simple in vitro model for the study of human lymphocyte homing properties. Optimal conditions for the quantitative analysis of lymphocyte-HEV interaction are described. Furthermore, by using this assay, we demonstrate that the ability of human lymphocyte populations to bind to HEVs parallels their presumed migratory status in vivo. Thus, thymocytes and bone marrow cells, which are sessile in vivo, bind poorly to HEVs in comparison with mature circulating lymphocytes in peripheral blood or in peripheral lymphoid tissues. These results indicate that HEV-binding ability is a regulated property of mature lymphocytes and, as demonstrated previously in animal models, probably plays a fundamental role in controlling lymphocyte traffic in humans. The in vitro model of lymphocyte-HEV interaction thus provides a unique means to assay the migratory properties of normal and neoplastic human lymphocyte subsets, to analyze the role of lymphocyte traffic mechanisms in normal and pathologic inflammatory reactions, and to define some of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the control of lymphocyte migration and positioning in humans.

Combined and Individual Effects of Isoniazid and Thiacetazone on Human Lymphocyte Chromosomes in vitro and in vivo

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Jaju ◽  
Manjula Jaju ◽  
Y.R. Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chromosome Damage ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Chromatid Exchanges

1 Genetic effects of the drugs, isoniazid and thiacetazone used for antituberculosis chemotherapy were investigated on human lymphocyte chromosomes in vitro and in vivo. 2. Therapeutic concentrations of these drugs did not induce chromosome aberrations in vitro both in combination and individually during any of the treatment period in 72 h lymphocyte cultures. At higher concentrations both the drugs were found to be cytotoxic. 3 The frequency of chromosome damage was increased significantly in first-division metaphases of the patients, i.e. in vivo during treatment with isoniazid (300 mg) + thiacetazone (150 mg); this could be due to the synergistic action between the metabolites of the two drugs in the body or due to the metabolites of thiacetazone since isoniazid was found to be nonclastogenic in vivo. 4 The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was not increased in any of the patients except in one, who probably had a higher baseline level. These results suggest that chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges represent two different lesions. 5 Chromosome damage induced by drugs could lead to congenital malformations, cancer, ageing and therefore contributes to the overall toxicology of the drugs and hazard to human genetic health. Hence drugs like isoniazid and thiacetazone which induce chromosome damage, should be used with caution.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate non-mutagenicity of the herbicide metolachlor

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Koppe Grisolia ◽  
Iris Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Indirect Exposure ◽  
Herbicide Metolachlor ◽  
Clastogenic Effect

The herbicide metolachlor was evaluated for genotoxic potential. Metolachlor did not induce micronuclei in mice, however at 40 mg/kg it significantly decreased the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes, which is a cytotoxic effect. Metolachlor did not induce chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro, but 2.0 mug/ml culture medium resulted in cytotoxicity, decreasing the mitotic index significantly. The indirect exposure test was carried out by adding plasma from metolachlor-pretreated rats to the human lymphocyte cultures. There was no indication of clastogenicity by metolachlor metabolites. On the other hand, plasma of cyclophosphamide-pretreated rats had a significant clastogenic effect

scholarly journals In vitro analysis of the homing properties of human lymphocytes: developmental regulation of functional receptors for high endothelial venules

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
ST Jalkanen ◽  
EC Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
High Endothelial Venules ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract Circulating lymphocytes leave the blood by binding to specialized high endothelial cells lining postcapillary venules in lymphoid organs or sites of chronic inflammations, migrating through the vessel wall into the surrounding tissue. The capacity of lymphocytes to recognize and bind to high endothelial venules (HEVs) is thus central to the overall process of lymphocyte traffic and recirculation. We show that viable human lymphocytes bind selectively to HEVs in frozen sections of normal human lymph nodes, thus defining a simple in vitro model for the study of human lymphocyte homing properties. Optimal conditions for the quantitative analysis of lymphocyte-HEV interaction are described. Furthermore, by using this assay, we demonstrate that the ability of human lymphocyte populations to bind to HEVs parallels their presumed migratory status in vivo. Thus, thymocytes and bone marrow cells, which are sessile in vivo, bind poorly to HEVs in comparison with mature circulating lymphocytes in peripheral blood or in peripheral lymphoid tissues. These results indicate that HEV-binding ability is a regulated property of mature lymphocytes and, as demonstrated previously in animal models, probably plays a fundamental role in controlling lymphocyte traffic in humans. The in vitro model of lymphocyte-HEV interaction thus provides a unique means to assay the migratory properties of normal and neoplastic human lymphocyte subsets, to analyze the role of lymphocyte traffic mechanisms in normal and pathologic inflammatory reactions, and to define some of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the control of lymphocyte migration and positioning in humans.

scholarly journals IN VITRO GENOTOXICITY OF THREE PLANTS FROM ASTERACEAE FAMILY IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES CULTURES

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kinan Aljaja ◽  
Adawia Kitaz ◽  
Raghda Lahdo
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Human Lymphocyte ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures

Background: Onopordum carduiforme, Centaurea verutum, and Achillea santolina are medicinal plants grown in Syria and commonly used in traditional medicine. Such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, the genotoxic effects of these plants have not been studied. Aim and objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of hydroethanolic extracts of these plants on human lymphocyte cultures model by evaluating the cell proliferation, determination of mitotic index (MI), and their effects on chromosomes. Methods: the hydroethanolic extracts of the aerial parts of the three plants were extracted using an Ultrasonic bath. Then the genotoxic effects of hydroethanolic extracts of these plants on human lymphocyte cultures was conducting by determination of mitotic index (MI). Results: the results showed that all three plants decreased non-significantly the mean of mitotic index in comparison with negative control (normal MI) (p>0.05) at concentrations (1, 3, 5 mg/ml) and the mitotic index values ranged was between (2.25±0.07 and 3.3±0.28). However, C. verutum showed the lowest mitotic index (3±0.14 at 1 mg/ml) and (2.25±0.07 at 5 mg/ml), and did not induce chromatid or chromosome breaks or gaps. Conclusion: these preliminary results on cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of these plants provide valuable information about the safety of using them in alternative medicine.                    Peer Review History: Received: 11 November 2021; Revised: 13 December; Accepted: 28 December, Available online: 15 January 2022 Academic Editor:  Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected] Dr. Dennis Amaechi, MrsFoluBabade Mini Estate , Flat 5 by Old Soldiers Quarter, Sabongari/Bwari, Abuja- Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. [email protected]  Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected] Similar Articles: A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PLANTS OF APOCYNACEAE FAMILY AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES STUDY LITERATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF SOME PLANTS THAT POTENTIALLY AS THE SOLAR SOWS EXPLORING THE ANTIPARASITIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

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