cellular death
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Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6836
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Balbaa ◽  
Marwa El-Zeftawy ◽  
Shaymaa A. Abdulmalek

The study of diabetes mellitus (DM) patterns illustrates increasingly important facts. Most importantly, they include oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular death. Up to now, there is a shortage of drug therapies for DM, and the discovery and the development of novel therapeutics for this disease are crucial. Medicinal plants are being used more and more as an alternative and natural cure for the disease. Consequently, the objective of this review was to examine the latest results on the effectiveness and protection of natural plants in the management of DM as adjuvant drugs for diabetes and its complex concomitant diseases.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gary C. Howard

Everyone dies, and so we naturally associate death with the end of an individual life. However, life is much more complicated, and death is actually interwoven into biology at many levels. Normal development and life could not exist without the carefully regulated death of certain cells; that type of cellular death also serves as one defense against disease. Other cells wear out and die and must be replaced regularly. On a larger scale, death has influenced the direction of entire species. In fact, death has shaped all life through the cycle of life and death, both throughout time and in normal development. It affects our cells, our development, and our life.


Author(s):  
Sueli M. P. S. Torres ◽  
Helena B. Nader ◽  
Ricardo S. Simões ◽  
Edmund C. Baracat ◽  
José M. Soares-Jr ◽  
...  

Open Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 210050
Author(s):  
Zenghua Sheng ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Ya-nan Deng ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Shufang Liang

SUMOylation dynamically conjugates SUMO molecules to the lysine residue of a substrate protein, which depends on the physiological state of the cell and the attached SUMO isoforms. A prominent role of SUMOylation in molecular pathways is to govern the cellular death process. Herein, we summarize the association between SUMOylation modification events and four types of cellular death processes: apoptosis, autophagy, senescence and pyroptosis. SUMOylation positively or negatively regulates a certain cellular death pattern depending on specific conditions including the attached SUMO isoforms, disease types, substrate proteins and cell context. Moreover, we also discuss the possible role of SUMOylation in ferroptosis and propose a potential role of the SUMOylated GPX4 in the regulation of ferroptosis. Mapping the exact SUMOylation network with cellular death contributes to develop novel SUMOylation-targeting disease therapeutic strategies.


ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Abu-Dahab ◽  
Nouf N. Mahmoud ◽  
Maha Abdallah ◽  
Lama Hamadneh ◽  
Suhair Hikmat ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Sayantan G

Background: Leukemia is one of the most occurring haematological pathologies in the world which develops due to the impairment in the hematopoietic machinery. Cellular death via apoptosis is severely impaired in this pathophysiological condition and leads to the progression of the disease. Objective: We have tried to unearth the efficacy of Withanolide D, a steroidal lactone derived from Withania somnifera or Ashwagandha on some of the apoptotic machinery components, i.e. TERT, BCL2 and PUMA in the experimental leukemic mice. Materials and Methods: LD50 and EC50 values of Withanolide D were estimated. Three groups of animals were taken for experimental purpose i.e. Group I = Leukemic, (L); Group II = Control, (C); Group III = Leukemic treated with Withanolide D, (L + WD). Group III received Withanolide D via oral route and other two groups received equal volume of distilled water. Various cytological, immunofluorescence and flow cytometric studies were taken into consideration post administration. Result: Leukemic group showed increased cellular proliferation and decreased cellular death as compared to control. Post Withanolide D administration TERT, BCL2 and PUMA expression started to shift towards normal status. This shift in the expressional values of increased apoptosis rate and decreased cellular proliferation revealed by cytological, immunofluorescence studies and flow cytometric investigations. Conclusion: As Withanolide D decreased the suppression of apoptosis and impaired the progression of the disease, so, we can conclude that Withanolide D of Ashwagandha may hold a promise towards a new therapeutic strategy in leukemia.


Author(s):  
Damien Bertheloot ◽  
Eicke Latz ◽  
Bernardo S. Franklin

AbstractCell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms. Its roles extend from embryonic development, organ maintenance, and aging to the coordination of immune responses and autoimmunity. In recent years, our understanding of the mechanisms orchestrating cellular death and its consequences on immunity and homeostasis has increased substantially. Different modalities of what has become known as ‘programmed cell death’ have been described, and some key players in these processes have been identified. We have learned more about the intricacies that fine tune the activity of common players and ultimately shape the different types of cell death. These studies have highlighted the complex mechanisms tipping the balance between different cell fates. Here, we summarize the latest discoveries in the three most well understood modalities of cell death, namely, apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, highlighting common and unique pathways and their effect on the surrounding cells and the organism as a whole.


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Shreyas Gaikwad ◽  
Sanjay K. Srivastava

Over the past few decades, research on reactive oxygen species (ROS) has revealed their critical role in the initiation and progression of cancer by virtue of various transcription factors. At certain threshold values, ROS act as signaling molecules leading to activation of oncogenic pathways. However, if perturbated beyond the threshold values, ROS act in an anti-tumor manner leading to cellular death. ROS mediate cellular death through various programmed cell death (PCD) approaches such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, etc. Thus, external stimulation of ROS beyond a threshold is considered a promising therapeutic strategy. Phytochemicals have been widely regarded as favorable therapeutic options in many diseased conditions. Over the past few decades, mechanistic studies on phytochemicals have revealed their effect on ROS homeostasis in cancer. Considering their favorable side effect profile, phytochemicals remain attractive treatment options in cancer. Herein, we review some of the most recent studies performed using phytochemicals and, we further delve into the mechanism of action enacted by individual phytochemicals for PCD in cancer.


2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 101965
Author(s):  
Nouf N. Mahmoud ◽  
Rana Abu-Dahab ◽  
Maha Abdallah ◽  
Sabaa Al-Dabash ◽  
Duaa Abuarqoub ◽  
...  

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