scholarly journals Quantum sensing with nanoparticles for gravimetry: when bigger is better

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 227-239
Author(s):  
Markus Rademacher ◽  
James Millen ◽  
Ying Lia Li
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Cold Atom ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
Quantum Metrology ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Quantum Ground State

AbstractFollowing the first demonstration of a levitated nanosphere cooled to the quantum ground state in 2020 (U. Delić, et al. Science, vol. 367, p. 892, 2020), macroscopic quantum sensors are seemingly on the horizon. The nanosphere’s large mass as compared to other quantum systems enhances the susceptibility of the nanoparticle to gravitational and inertial forces. In this viewpoint, we describe the features of experiments with optically levitated nanoparticles (J. Millen, T. S. Monteiro, R. Pettit, and A. N. Vamivakas, “Optomechanics with levitated particles,” Rep. Prog. Phys., vol. 83, 2020, Art no. 026401) and their proposed utility for acceleration sensing. Unique to the levitated nanoparticle platform is the ability to implement not only quantum noise limited transduction, predicted by quantum metrology to reach sensitivities on the order of 10−15 ms−2 (S. Qvarfort, A. Serafini, P. F. Barker, and S. Bose, “Gravimetry through non-linear optomechanics,” Nat. Commun., vol. 9, 2018, Art no. 3690) but also long-lived quantum spatial superpositions for enhanced gravimetry. This follows a global trend in developing sensors, such as cold-atom interferometers, that exploit superposition or entanglement. Thanks to significant commercial development of these existing quantum technologies, we discuss the feasibility of translating levitated nanoparticle research into applications.

scholarly journals Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 372 (6548) ◽  
pp. 1333-1336
Author(s):  
Chris Whittle ◽  
Evan D. Hall ◽  
Sheila Dwyer ◽  
Nergis Mavalvala ◽  
Vivishek Sudhir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Mass Motion ◽  
Mechanical Object ◽  
Magnitude Increase

The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object’s motion. The thermal environment also masks the effects of proposed modifications of quantum mechanics at large mass scales. We prepared the center-of-mass motion of a 10-kilogram mechanical oscillator in a state with an average phonon occupation of 10.8. The reduction in temperature, from room temperature to 77 nanokelvin, is commensurate with an 11 orders-of-magnitude suppression of quantum back-action by feedback and a 13 orders-of-magnitude increase in the mass of an object prepared close to its motional ground state. Our approach will enable the possibility of probing gravity on massive quantum systems.

Quantum Optomechanics and Nanomechanics

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Foundations Of Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measurement Laser ◽  
Quantum Limits ◽  
Quantum Optomechanics ◽  
Quantum Ground State

The Les Houches Summer School 2015 covered the emerging fields of cavity optomechanics and quantum nanomechanics. Optomechanics is flourishing and its concepts and techniques are now applied to a wide range of topics. Modern quantum optomechanics was born in the late 70s in the framework of gravitational wave interferometry, initially focusing on the quantum limits of displacement measurements. Carlton Caves, Vladimir Braginsky, and others realized that the sensitivity of the anticipated large-scale gravitational-wave interferometers (GWI) was fundamentally limited by the quantum fluctuations of the measurement laser beam. After tremendous experimental progress, the sensitivity of the upcoming next generation of GWI will effectively be limited by quantum noise. In this way, quantum-optomechanical effects will directly affect the operation of what is arguably the world’s most impressive precision experiment. However, optomechanics has also gained a life of its own with a focus on the quantum aspects of moving mirrors. Laser light can be used to cool mechanical resonators well below the temperature of their environment. After proof-of-principle demonstrations of this cooling in 2006, a number of systems were used as the field gradually merged with its condensed matter cousin (nanomechanical systems) to try to reach the mechanical quantum ground state, eventually demonstrated in 2010 by pure cryogenic techniques and a year later by a combination of cryogenic and radiation-pressure cooling. The book covers all aspects—historical, theoretical, experimental—of the field, with its applications to quantum measurement, foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information. Essential reading for any researcher in the field.

Quantum ground state and single-phonon control of a mechanical resonator

Nature ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 464 (7289) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. O’Connell ◽  
M. Hofheinz ◽  
M. Ansmann ◽  
Radoslaw C. Bialczak ◽  
M. Lenander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Mechanical Resonator ◽  
Quantum Ground State

Quantum ground state effect on fluctuation rates in nano-patterned superconducting structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (24) ◽  
pp. 242601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Eftekharian ◽  
Haig Atikian ◽  
Mohsen K. Akhlaghi ◽  
Amir Jafari Salim ◽  
A. Hamed Majedi
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
State Effect ◽  
Quantum Ground State

scholarly journals Sideband cooling of micromechanical motion to the quantum ground state

Nature ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 475 (7356) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Teufel ◽  
T. Donner ◽  
Dale Li ◽  
J. W. Harlow ◽  
M. S. Allman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Quantum Ground State ◽  
Sideband Cooling

Spin-singlet quantum ground state in one-dimensional magnet vanadyl diacetate

2019 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
E.A. Zvereva ◽  
T.M. Vasilchikova ◽  
M.I. Stratan ◽  
S.A. Ibragimov ◽  
I.S. Glazkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Spin Singlet ◽  
Quantum Ground State

scholarly journals Bad metallic transport in a cold atom Fermi-Hubbard system

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 363 (6425) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Brown ◽  
Debayan Mitra ◽  
Elmer Guardado-Sanchez ◽  
Reza Nourafkan ◽  
Alexis Reymbaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Cold Atom ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Einstein Relation ◽  
Linear Temperature Dependence ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Linear Temperature ◽  
Density Modulation ◽  
Shed Light

Strong interactions in many-body quantum systems complicate the interpretation of charge transport in such materials. To shed light on this problem, we study transport in a clean quantum system: ultracold lithium-6 in a two-dimensional optical lattice, a testing ground for strong interaction physics in the Fermi-Hubbard model. We determine the diffusion constant by measuring the relaxation of an imposed density modulation and modeling its decay hydrodynamically. The diffusion constant is converted to a resistivity by using the Nernst-Einstein relation. That resistivity exhibits a linear temperature dependence and shows no evidence of saturation, two characteristic signatures of a bad metal. The techniques we developed in this study may be applied to measurements of other transport quantities, including the optical conductivity and thermopower.

REVIEW ON THEORETICAL STUDIES OF SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (07) ◽  
pp. 1587-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHONGZHOU REN ◽  
DINGHAN CHEN ◽  
CHANG XU
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Mass Region ◽  
Superheavy Nuclei ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Shape Coexistence ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Α Decay ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Theoretical Results

Superheavy elements have provided a good test of the validity of both nuclear structure models and nuclear decay models in a large mass region. We firstly review the recent progress on theoretical studies of superheavy nuclei. Emphasis is placed on the structure and decay of superheavy nuclei. Then theoretical results of odd-odd nuclei with Z = 109 - 115 are presented and discussed. It is clearly demonstrated that there is shape coexistence for the ground state of many superheavy nuclei from different models and many superheavy nuclei are deformed. In some cases superdeformation can become the ground state of superheavy nuclei and it is important for future studies of superheavy nuclei. This can lead to the existence of low-energy isomers in the superheavy region and it plays an important role for the stability of superheavy nuclei. As α-decay and spontaneous fission plays a crucial role for identifications of new elements, we also review some typical models of α-decay half-lives and spontaneous fissions half-lives. Some new views on superheavy nuclei are presented.

Early History and Fundamentals of Optomechanics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Antoine Heidmann ◽  
Pierre-Francois Cohadon
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Optics ◽  
Laser Cooling ◽  
Ground State ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Early History ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Mechanical Resonators ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Quantum Ground State

In its simplest form, optomechanics amounts to two complementary coupling effects: mechanical motion changes the path followed by light, but light (through radiation pressure) can drive the mechanical resonator into motion as well. Optomechanics allows one to control resonator motion by laser cooling down to the quantum ground state, or to control light by using back-action in optical measurements and in quantum optics. Its main applications are optomechanical sensors to detect tiny mechanical motions and weak forces, cold damping and laser cooling, and quantum optics. The objectives of this chapter are to provide a brief account of the history of the field, together with its fundamentals. We will in particular review both classical and quantum aspects of optomechanics, together with its applications to high-sensitivity measurements and to control or cool mechanical resonators down to their ground state, with possible applications for tests of quantum theory or for quantum information.

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