Sichtbackstein des 19. Jahrhunderts

Architectura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
Wilko Potgeter ◽  
Stefan M. Holzer

Abstract19th century brick façades between craft and industrialization: Towards an onsite reading of traces.Brick facades are one of the characteristic ingredients of 19th century architecture. They became ubiquitous during the period. The spread of visible brick and the development of heat-insulating façade claddings are intimately connected to the industrialization of the brick production, providing new moulding techniques such as extrusion, and new products such as hollow bricks. The present article presents the main steps of innovation, based on a review of contemporary technical literature, and establishes the direct link to traces which can be observed on site, providing necessary information for a first assessment, coarse dating and structural hypothesis on the basis of a visual inspection.

Author(s):  
Gloria Sánchez González ◽  
Liliana Herrera

Hoy en día, no son los fabricantes los únicos encargados del desarrollo de nuevos productos, procesos o servicios, sino que se hace necesario reconocer la importancia que tienen otros agentes externos a la empresa como fuente de actividades innovadoras. La complejidad y dinamismo de los entornos actuales obliga a las empresas a complementar su base interna de conocimientos con otros procedentes del exterior. Estas circunstancias han llevado a distinguir entre fuentes internas y externas de innovación. Puesto que las primeras han sido suficientemente estudiadas y analizadas en la literatura, el presente trabajo pretende avanzar sobre el conocimiento de las segundas y sus implicaciones en la actividad innovadora de las empresas. Para ello se ha analizado la influencia de nueve de esas fuentes externas sobre la intensidad total de la actividad innovadora y de las actividades de I+D intramuros y extramuros del conjunto del sector productivo español durante el periodo 2001-2003, llegando a la conclusión de que los clientes son quienes mayor impacto ejercen en los tres casos.<br /><br />Manufacturers are currently not the only ones in charge of developing new products, processes or services. Instead, nowadays it is necessary to recognize the importante of other external agents to the organization as sources of innovation activities. The present complex and dynamic environments force organizations to complement their internal knowledge with other sorts of external information. These circumstances have created a distinction between internal and external innovation sources. Given that the first have been studied and analysed thoroughly in the literature, the present study tries to advance in the understanding of the second and its mplications with regard to the organizations' innovation activities. In order to achieve this objective, the present article analyzes the effect of nine external sources on the total innovation activity intensity and also on the internal and external R&amp;D activities of the whole Spanish productive sector during the period spanning from 2001 to 2003. This study concludes that cooperation with customers had the most significant effect in all of the tree cases.<br />


2020 ◽  
Vol 13(62) (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Medeea Katerina Petrovan

"The present article aims to analyse the business development strategies applied by start-ups financed by non-reimbursable funds in Romania and their volatility in the context of COVID-19. The research is a qualitative one, based on an in-depth individual interview, which manages to demonstrate the existence of a direct link between the opportunity to access non-reimbursable funds and the decision to start a business by entrepreneurs, the opportunity to allocate these funds to mobilize people towards entrepreneurial initiatives, as well the contraction of start-up activities due to the context of the COVID-19 pandemic."


1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
Jake Schaper ◽  
Ron Weberg

This report provides analysis data on black deposits observed on gold-plated test socket pads. The socket pads are an integral part of a burn-in test where the test simulates an accelerated aging process and is routinely performed on new products. The test consists of placing a device, as shown in Figure 1, with lead/tin plated copper leads in a test socket then placing that assembly into a “burn-in” oven set to a specific elevated temperature, 150° C in this case, for a specific time. Typically, a bias voltage is applied through the pads on the socket during the test. Historically, during extended burn-in tests of Quad Flat Pack (QFP) devices, problems arose when several devices unexpectedly exhibited open socket-to-device contacts. The “opens” problem repeated itself when new QFP devices were installed in the sockets . Upon visual inspection of the sockets, black deposits were observed in the contact regions, as shown in Figure 2.


TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1933-1937
Author(s):  
Darina Matisková ◽  
Stella Hrehová

The present article deals with an innovative design of a control transformer. It describes a conventional design of a control transformer and provides the basic theoretical information on control transformers which is available in the world technical literature, patents, as well as other available sources addressing this topic. Subsequently, the article describes a novel, original design and presents the related drawing documentation.


Author(s):  
Gloria Sánchez González ◽  
Liliana Herrera

Hoy en día, no son los fabricantes los únicos encargados del desarrollo de nuevos productos, procesos o servicios, sino que se hace necesario reconocer la importancia que tienen otros agentes externos a la empresa como fuente de actividades innovadoras. La complejidad y dinamismo de los entornos actuales obliga a las empresas a complementar su base interna de conocimientos con otros procedentes del exterior. Estas circunstancias han llevado a distinguir entre fuentes internas y externas de innovación. Puesto que las primeras han sido suficientemente estudiadas y analizadas en la literatura, el presente trabajo pretende avanzar sobre el conocimiento de las segundas y sus implicaciones en la actividad innovadora de las empresas. Para ello se ha analizado la influencia de nueve de esas fuentes externas sobre la intensidad total de la actividad innovadora y de las actividades de I+D intramuros y extramuros del conjunto del sector productivo español durante el periodo 2001-2003, llegando a la conclusión de que los clientes son quienes mayor impacto ejercen en los tres casos.<br /><br />Manufacturers are currently not the only ones in charge of developing new products, processes or services. Instead, nowadays it is necessary to recognize the importante of other external agents to the organization as sources of innovation activities. The present complex and dynamic environments force organizations to complement their internal knowledge with other sorts of external information. These circumstances have created a distinction between internal and external innovation sources. Given that the first have been studied and analysed thoroughly in the literature, the present study tries to advance in the understanding of the second and its mplications with regard to the organizations' innovation activities. In order to achieve this objective, the present article analyzes the effect of nine external sources on the total innovation activity intensity and also on the internal and external R&amp;D activities of the whole Spanish productive sector during the period spanning from 2001 to 2003. This study concludes that cooperation with customers had the most significant effect in all of the tree cases.<br />


2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANNAH BROWN
Keyword(s):  

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Duriez ◽  
Claudia Appel ◽  
Dirk Hutsebaut

Abstract: Recently, Duriez, Fontaine and Hutsebaut (2000) and Fontaine, Duriez, Luyten and Hutsebaut (2003) constructed the Post-Critical Belief Scale in order to measure the two religiosity dimensions along which Wulff (1991 , 1997 ) summarized the various possible approaches to religion: Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic. In the present article, the German version of this scale is presented. Results obtained in a heterogeneous German sample (N = 216) suggest that the internal structure of the German version fits the internal structure of the original Dutch version. Moreover, the observed relation between the Literal vs. Symbolic dimension and racism, which was in line with previous studies ( Duriez, in press ), supports the external validity of the German version.


Author(s):  
Odile Husain

Le présent article tente d’effectuer un rapprochement entre un article européen de Rossel et Merceron et un livre américain de Reid Meloy, tous deux consacrés à l’analyse des organisations psychopathiques. Si tous les auteurs s’entendent sur l’économie narcissique du psychopathe, le choix de la population d’étude diffère quelque peu, en raison de l’approche structurale des premiers et de l’approche symptomatique du second. Tandis que l’étude suisse ne retient que des psychopathes du registre des états-limites, l’étude américaine inclut également des psychopathes de niveau psychotique. Par contre, la mésentente règne au niveau des outils d’analyse du discours psychopathique: analyse statistique et échelles validées chez Meloy; approche qualitative chez Rossel et Merceron. Aux premiers, l’on reprochera un certain réductionisme et appauvrissement du discours, prix à payer pour le respect de la standardisation et de la cotation. Aux seconds, l’on reprochera l’absence de toute quantification qui pose problème lorsque l’on aborde la question de la validité des données. Néanmoins, Européens et Américains s’entendent sur la notion d’un fonctionnement psychopathique. La relation d’objet est marquée par la pulsion agressive et ses dérivatifs, par la recherche de pouvoir et de contrôle. La lutte contre la dépendance est déduite chez Meloy de l’absence de réponse de texture et chez Rossel et Merceron de l’absence de contenus de dépendance. La qualité narcissique des représentations d’objet est mise en évidence, chez Meloy, par le biais de l’investissement du paraître, chez Rossel et Merceron par l’importance du processus d’externalisation. La dévalorisation des objets est aussi décrite. Ni les uns ni les autres ne font réellement référence à l’angoisse car cette angoisse qualifiable d’anaclitique s’exprime justement sous des manifestations tout à fait opposées. Le vide intérieur est déduit, chez Meloy, à partir de l’ennui que vit le psychopathe et, chez Rossel et Merceron, à partir de la survalorisation de la référence au réel. Une grande convergence existe entre les deux écrits au sujet des mécanismes de défense. Tous les auteurs s’accordent sur la prépondérance du clivage et du déni, un déni par le mot et l’acte chez Meloy, un déni hypomaniaque chez Rossel et Merceron. De part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, on s’accorde également pour attribuer une place importante à l’identification projective et à l’identification à l’agresseur. Par ailleurs, Rossel et Merceron démontrent comment à travers les caractéristiques de l’énonciation et les nuances de la verbalisation du psychopathe, il est possible d’inférer son non-investissement de la mentalisation et du savoir au profit d’un surinvestissement de l’agir. La complémentarité, voire la similarité, des commentaires dans les deux ouvrages devrait réconforter certains cliniciens, désarmés devant le fossé qui semble parfois régner entre la littérature des deux continents et confirmer, qu’indépendamment du type de méthodologie et de validation choisi, l’observation clinique du psychologue expérimenté demeure la pierre angulaire de toute recherche en psychopathologie.


2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul R. Desai ◽  
Anand K. Gramopadhye ◽  
Brian J. Melloy ◽  
Andrew Duchowski

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