Gadodiamide, NSF: Direct Link Identified

Abstract During August, 1983 geosmin was identified in a municipal water supply drawn from western Lake Ontario. The geosmin concentrations were 0.01-0.07 μg L-1, within the range for threshold odour concentration of 0.01-0.2 μg L-1. 2-Methylisoborneol was not detected. The odour 'event' coincided with a dieoff of Cladophora in the lake, but we were not able to establish a direct link between the dieoff and geosmin production. Decomposing Cladophora in shoreline areas produced a strong odour in the air. 3-Methylindole, elemental sulfur, dimethyl tetrasulfide, and dimethyl pentasulfide were tentatively identified in water samples collected from these areas, but geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were not detected.

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A RECONSIDERATION OF THE DOCTRINAL FOUNDATIONS OF MONETARY POLICY RULES: FISHER VERSUS CHICAGO

Journal of the History of Economic Thought ◽

10.1017/s1053837219000622 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 55-82

Author(s):

George S. Tavlas

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Price Level ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Policy Uncertainty ◽

Direct Link ◽

Policy Rule ◽

Policy Rules ◽

Monetary Policy Rules

There has long been a presumption that the price-level stabilization frameworks of Irving Fisher and Chicagoans Henry Simons and Lloyd Mints were essentially equivalent. I show that there were subtle, but important, differences in the rationales underlying the policies of Fisher and the Chicagoans. Fisher’s framework involved substantial discretion in the setting of the policy instruments; for the Chicagoans the objective of a policy rule was to tie the hands of the authorities in order to reduce discretion and, thus, monetary policy uncertainty. In contrast to Fisher, the Chicagoans provided assessments of the workings of alternative rules, assessed various criteria—including simplicity and reduction of political pressures—in the specification of rules, and concluded that rules would provide superior performance compared with discretion. Each of these characteristics provided a direct link to the rules-based framework of Milton Friedman. Like Friedman’s framework, Simons’s preferred rule targeted a policy instrument.

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Correlative Microscopy to Localize and Characterize Iron Deposition in Alzheimer’s Disease

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports ◽

10.3233/adr-200234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 525-536

Author(s):

Steven J. Madsen ◽

Phillip S. DiGiacomo ◽

Yitian Zeng ◽

Maged Goubran ◽

Yuanxin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Oxidation State ◽

Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Iron Deposition ◽

Direct Link ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background: Recent evidence suggests that the accumulation of iron, specifically ferrous Fe2+, may play a role in the development and progression of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through the production of oxidative stress. Objective: To localize and characterize iron deposition and oxidation state in AD, we analyzed human hippocampal autopsy samples from four subjects with advanced AD that have been previously characterized with correlative MRI-histology. Methods: We perform scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the higher resolution transmission electron microscope on the surface and cross-sections of specific iron-rich regions of interest. Results: Specific previously analyzed regions were visualized using SEM and confirmed to be iron-rich deposits using EDS. Subsequent analysis using focused ion beam cross-sectioning and SEM characterized the iron deposition throughout the 3-D volumes, confirming the presence of iron throughout the deposits, and in two out of four specimens demonstrating colocalization with zinc. Analysis of traditional histology slides showed the analyzed deposits overlapped both with amyloid and tau deposition. Following higher resolution analysis of a single iron deposit using scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), we demonstrated the potential of monochromated STEM-EELS to discern the relative oxidation state of iron within a deposit. Conclusion: These findings suggest that iron is present in the AD hippocampus and can be visualized and characterized using combined MRI and EM techniques. An altered relative oxidation state may suggest a direct link between iron and oxidative stress in AD. These methods thus could potentially measure an altered relative oxidation state that could suggest a direct link between iron and oxidative stress in AD. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the ability to analyze metal deposition alongside commonly used histological markers of AD pathology, paving the way for future insights into the molecular interactions between Aβ, tau, iron, and other putative metals, such as zinc.

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Book Review: A direct link between the language of mathematics and teacher preparation programs. Peter M. Jenlink (Ed.) (2020) The language of mathematics: how the teacher’s knowledge of mathematics affects instruction

Educational Studies in Mathematics ◽

10.1007/s10649-020-10024-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fardowsa M. Mahdi

Keyword(s):

Teacher Preparation ◽

Teacher Preparation Programs ◽

Direct Link ◽

Preparation Programs ◽

Teacher's Knowledge

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DNMT1 reads heterochromatic H4K20me3 to reinforce LINE-1 DNA methylation

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-22665-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wendan Ren ◽

Huitao Fan ◽

Sara A. Grimm ◽

Jae Jin Kim ◽

Linhui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Dna Methyltransferase ◽

Histone H3 ◽

Genomic Stability ◽

Mammalian Genome ◽

Dna Methyltransferase 1 ◽

Chromatin Modifications ◽

Direct Link ◽

Histone H4 ◽

Radiation Induced

AbstractDNA methylation and trimethylated histone H4 Lysine 20 (H4K20me3) constitute two important heterochromatin-enriched marks that frequently cooperate in silencing repetitive elements of the mammalian genome. However, it remains elusive how these two chromatin modifications crosstalk. Here, we report that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) specifically ‘recognizes’ H4K20me3 via its first bromo-adjacent-homology domain (DNMT1BAH1). Engagement of DNMT1BAH1-H4K20me3 ensures heterochromatin targeting of DNMT1 and DNA methylation at LINE-1 retrotransposons, and cooperates with the previously reported readout of histone H3 tail modifications (i.e., H3K9me3 and H3 ubiquitylation) by the RFTS domain to allosterically regulate DNMT1’s activity. Interplay between RFTS and BAH1 domains of DNMT1 profoundly impacts DNA methylation at both global and focal levels and genomic resistance to radiation-induced damage. Together, our study establishes a direct link between H4K20me3 and DNA methylation, providing a mechanism in which multivalent recognition of repressive histone modifications by DNMT1 ensures appropriate DNA methylation patterning and genomic stability.

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The Importance of Rumors in the Spanish Sports Press: An Analysis of News about Signings Appearing in the Newspapers Marca, As, Mundo Deportivo and Sport

Publications ◽

10.3390/publications9010009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Francisco-Javier Herrero-Gutiérrez ◽

José-David Urchaga-Litago

Keyword(s):

Front Page ◽

Direct Link ◽

Present Information ◽

The Media

The front pages of newspapers are the main showcase to sell the product. Those first pages are a perfect hook for newspapers to attract readers; thus, it becomes vital to show striking pieces of information, captivating the audience. In the case of the written sport press in Spain, there is a key period in which true information is mingled with half-truths and even rumors: The summer transfer window. This paper shows an analysis of the front-page news appearing in the Spanish sports newspapers Marca, As, Mundo Deportivo, and Sport, over a five-year period (2015–2019), based on a sample of 120 different issues of the newspaper. Many times, the media present information either as something true or as a hypothesis or possibility. After quantitatively analyzing that, it can be noticed that in more than 50% of the cases, the signing or sale of the player referenced on the front page (the main news) does not occur. Similarly, it can be observed that there is a direct link connecting the news referring to Real Madrid with Marca and As, and Fútbol Club Barcelona with Mundo Deportivo and Sport. Finally, almost 100% of this news is showed along with real photographs, using photo montage in just a few cases.

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DNA–protein crosslink proteases in genome stability

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-020-01539-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Annamaria Ruggiano ◽

Kristijan Ramadan

Keyword(s):

Dna Replication ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Genome Stability ◽

Dna Lesions ◽

Protein Component ◽

Human Diseases ◽

Direct Link ◽

The Past ◽

Protein Crosslinks ◽

Bulky Dna Lesions

AbstractProteins covalently attached to DNA, also known as DNA–protein crosslinks (DPCs), are common and bulky DNA lesions that interfere with DNA replication, repair, transcription and recombination. Research in the past several years indicates that cells possess dedicated enzymes, known as DPC proteases, which digest the protein component of a DPC. Interestingly, DPC proteases also play a role in proteolysis beside DPC repair, such as in degrading excess histones during DNA replication or controlling DNA replication checkpoints. Here, we discuss the importance of DPC proteases in DNA replication, genome stability and their direct link to human diseases and cancer therapy.

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