Urine labeling with orally applied marker substances in drug substitution therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Huppertz ◽  
Gisela Gauchel ◽  
Heribert Feiertag ◽  
Hermann Schweizer ◽  
Horst Krieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Polyethylene Glycols ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Marker Substances

AbstractThe compliance of 581 drug addicts attending six methadone substitution outpatient clinics was determined over a period of 18 months. Urine from these patients was labeled following oral administration of low molecular weight polyethylene glycols as marker substances. These substances were measured in approx. 5800 urine samples. A protocol for applying marker substances and ways to prevent substitution of urine samples were evaluated. Normal values for marker substances in urine were determined. The results suggest that this labeling procedure is a new diagnostictool to prevent manipulation of urine samples by drug addicts receiving substitution therapy.

scholarly journals A study of the application of graphite MALDI to the analysis of short-chain polyethylene glycols

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulric Conway ◽  
Alexander D. Warren ◽  
Christopher J. Arthur ◽  
Paul J. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Maldi Ms ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Polyethylene Glycols ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Colloidal Graphite ◽  
Graphite Matrix ◽  
Successful Analysis

MALDI-MS using colloidal graphite matrix doped with lithium chloride for the successful analysis of low molecular weight polymers.

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of an oral tablet form of low-molecular-weight heparin and deoxycholic acid conjugate as a novel oral anticoagulant

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (06) ◽  
pp. 1060-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Woo Park ◽  
Ok Cheol Jeon ◽  
Sang Kyoon Kim ◽  
Taslim Al-Hilal ◽  
Kyung-Min Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Deoxycholic Acid ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Metabolic Stability ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Oral Tablet

SummaryThis study was designed to develop a solid oral dosage form of deoxycholic acid (DOCA)-conjugated low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and to evaluate its oral absorption, distribution, and metabolic stability for the prospect of providing an orally bioavailable LMWH. The LMWH derivative (LHD) was synthesised and then formulated with solubilisers and other pharmaceutical excipients to form a solid tablet. Its absorption and distribution after oral administration were evaluated in mice, rats, and monkeys. The in vitro metabolic stability of LHD was examined by liver microsome assays. More than 80% of LHD was released from the tablet within 60 minutes, guaranteeing rapid tablet disintegration after oral administration. Oral bioavailability of LHD in mice, rats and monkeys were 16.1 ± 3.0, 15.6 ± 6.1, and 15.8 ± 2.5%, respectively. After the oral administration of 131I-tyramine-LHD, most of the absorbed drug remained in the blood circulation and was eliminated mainly through the kidneys. LHD was hardly metabolised by the liver microsomes and showed a stable metabolic pattern similar to that of LMWH. In a rat thrombosis model, 10 mg/kg of orally administered LHD reduced thrombus formation by 60.8%, which was comparable to the antithrombotic effect of the subcutaneously injected LMWH (100 IU/ kg). Solid tablets of LHD exhibited high oral absorption and statistically significant therapeutic effects in preventing venous thromboembolism. Accordingly, LHD tablets are expected to satisfy the unmet medical need for an oral heparin-based anticoagulant as an alternative to injectable heparin and oral warfarin.

Changes in Plasma Prekallikrein, High and Low Molecular Weight Kininogens in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yokouchi ◽  
K. Kosaka ◽  
T. Seki ◽  
M. Ogawara ◽  
R. Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
Kallikrein Kinin System

Changea in components in kallikrein-kinin system have been studied in 15 cases with disseminated Intravascular coagulation (DIC). Nine out of the total cases had infection and six cases had malignancy as primary diseases. Plasma prekallikrein (FKK) was determined by a radiochemical assay using 3H-TAME according to Imanari et al.(1974). High and low molecular weight kininogens (HMWK and LMWK) were bioassayed according to Uchida and Katori (in press). If plasma factor XII, measured in each case, was less than 50 % of normal, values of PKK and HMWK in examined plasma were caliculated from those in 1:1 mixture of examined plasma and normal plasma. All of PKK, HMWK and LMWK Showed moderate to marked decrease in every case with DIC. The values for PKK, HMWK and LMWK were 0.23 0.07 TAME unit/ml (normally 0.620.13), 0,20 0.07 ug(bradykinin equiv.)/ml (normally 0.66 0.14) and 1.24 0.44 ug/ml (normally 2.57 0.41), respectively. There was a significant correlation between PKK and antithrombin III levels (r=0.66, P 0.001) in those cases with DIC. PKK was also directly correlated with HMWK and factor XII. Decrease in PKK and HMWK may be chiefly due to consumption. The mechanism for reduction In LMWK, however, remains to be determined. It may be concluded that plasma prekallikrein, high and low molecular weight kininogens decrease in DIC.

Pellets for oral administration of low-molecular-weight heparin

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1503-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Scala-Bertola ◽  
Jan Gajdziok ◽  
Miloslava Rabišková ◽  
François Bonneaux ◽  
Thomas Lecompte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

Oral Administration of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Fractions in Rabbits

1985 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 323-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Doutremepuich ◽  
Francis Toulemonde ◽  
Jean Lormeau
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Heparin Fractions
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