Determining the Cause of Death Among Drug Addicts in Residential Rehab Campuses in Tehran

Background: Determining the cause of death among drug addicts in Residential Rehab Campuses (RRCs) is of paramount importance, since it may prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, the present study was done to investigate the cause of death among drug addicts in RRCs in Kahrizak Dissection Hall, Tehran Province, Iran, from September 2011 to September 2019. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total number of 166 drug addicts, who had died in the RRCs located in Tehran, Iran were examined, and the findings were analyzed using the SPSS v. 26. Moreover, the Chi-square test was utilized to compare the results. Results: In this study, the most important causes of death, were infections, drug side effects, Myocardial Infarction (MI), and drowning, respectively. The highest frequency of death had occurred in the 31-40-year-old age group and was mostly observed in unmarried individuals. The most common causes of death were infection among the single and divorced ones and were MI for married cases. Toxicological results were generally negative in 60.84% of the cases. Also, 86.74% of the cases were non-pathological with regard to the brain tissue samples and 65.66% of the individuals had no pathological cardiac lesions. Besides, the most common microscopic findings of the lungs were associated with pulmonary edema. In the trauma group and also drug side effects and drowning groups, the most frequent pathological findings were pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema, respectively. As a whole, 69.87% of the deaths had occurred in the RRCs and 55.42% of them were assumed natural in terms of mode of occurrence. Conclusion: The majority of the deaths in the RRCs should not have occurred if the given centers were authorized and the illegal centers were closed. Moreover, these centers should have proper management with the presence of resident physicians and trained medical staff as well as necessary medical equipment, proper nutrition, no access to drugs and other illicit substances, along with adherence to hygienic principles to minimize mortality rates among the drug addicts living in the RRCs.

Imaginary Penalty and Identity Conflict: The Dilemma and Strategies of Multiple identities in Substance Abusers in Chinese Drug Policy

Background: Exploring why the national drug policy failed is an important issue. Although the theory of "Imaginary Penalty" points out the relationship between ideology and policy-making, it ignores the systemic nature of drug control and the voice of drug addicts. Methods: This study takes substance abusers who live in urban communities as the research participants. Using qualitative research data, this study explores how individual drug abuse experiences are identified and classified by structural forces and how individuals manage their daily life. Results: The study finds that law enforcement agencies (Narcotics Control Office (NCO), Police Station , and Community Assistance Group (CAG)) have different attitudes toward Substance abusers and generate different managements, forming multiple governance models, and then shaping the multiple and incomplete Substance abusers’ identity dilemma. Drug addicts perceive the dilemma, and they adopt the strategies of spatial isolation (hidden flow), disconnection from experience (temporal isolation), and instrumental cooperation to continuously re-adjust and achieve identity recovery from the bottom up with the "possible citizens" narrative logic. Conclusion/importance: Through evaluating the effectiveness of self-management strategies, this research integrates the Chinese drug rehabilitation situation, expands the specific performance of "Imaginary Penalty" in the law enforcement system, and presents the limitations and positive value of self-management strategies.

Program Terapi Rehabilitasi Kecemasan Pecandu Narkoba dengan Metode Sujok Di Ponpes Salafiyah Sabilul Hikmah Malang

Goals of service. The Community Service Program (PKM) on Drug Addicts Anxiety Rehabilitation Therapy Program with the Sujok Method at Ponpes Salafiyah Sabilul Hikmah Malang aims to optimize the role of Islamic boarding school caregivers in an effort to socialize the movement of drug-free street children by providing counseling on tips for eliminating the anxiety of drug addicts who are addicted to drug undergoing therapy at the boarding school to stop drug use. Methods The PKM implementation team conducted counseling on how to overcome anxiety using therapeutic tools, namely massage rings, providing counseling materials, giving questionnaires about massage ring therapy, donating medicine boxes, providing digital weights, providing digital blood pressure checkers used when providing health services to patients. the caregivers of the Salafiyah Sabilul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School in Malang. Results and implications. After being given counseling about the use of ring therapy, they understand how to deal with anxiety by doing self-therapy every day for 5 minutes or 3 times or more and are able to teach other friends who feel anxious.

Lapas Dan Rutan Bukan Tempat Yang Tepat Bagi Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkoba

I take this article from my view of drug victims who are sentenced to prison and detention, it is very interesting for me that when drug users are placed in prisons and detention centers, it is not only the right way of effort for drug users, but can lead to prison or detention centers become a market for drug trafficking. This type of research used by researchers in this study is natural observation. In this study, the research subjects were the victims of the assisted drug users, Prisons and detention centers that have been exposed to drug trafficking in them, and also people who have expertise in the fields of law, narcotics and also Corrections. The research instrument that I use as my aid in collecting data is observation and researcher and the data analysis method I use is interaction analysis where the information and data that I have summarized and present in a simpler and easier to understand form is carried out simultaneously with the process data collection, Then I draw conclusions from the results of the data that I have loaded in a simpler form. Through this research, We can know that the thing that causes detention centers and prisons to be inappropriate for drug abuse victims is that their users can turn into dealers and even dealers, Ineffective coaching and guidance for drug addicts, until prisons and detention centers become the black market for drugs.

DEKRIMINALISASI PENGGUNA NARKOBA : POLITIK KRIMINAL PENANGGULANGAN PROBLEMATIKA OVERCAPACITY LEMBAGA PERMASYARAKATAN DI INDONESIA

Prison overcapacity is one of the crucial legal issues at this time, in this case the overcapacity has reached 204%. The large number of narcotic convicts is one of the causes of prison overcapacity, related to this, narcotics convicts reach 50% of the total inmates in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the need for drug users, namely abusers and drug addicts to be handled with non-penal efforts and decriminalization of drug abusers in order to reduce the level of overcapacity of prisons in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research that prioritizes secondary data. The results of the study confirm that addicts and abusers are victims who are entitled to protection so as not to become victims of criminal acts and have the right to obtain guarantees or rehabilitation for the losses they have received. So that non-penal efforts are needed to protect the rights of victims and decriminalization needs to be done as part of criminal politics to bring criminal law to a better direction, in this case upholding the rights of victims and being a solution to the problem of overcapacity in prisons in Indonesia. Keywords: Overcapacity, decriminalization, rehabilitation

AKSIOLOGI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BAGI KAUM MUDA REMAJA DI INDONESIA MENURUT PERSPEKTIF KI HAJAR DEWANTARA

This study aims to deepen the value and benefits of character education for young people, especially among adolescents who are generally seventeen years old. And its relevance in the lives of teenagers today. The character education of young people is a major issue in Indonesia today. This arises through a phenomenon that often occurs among adolescents and is quite disturbing to society. Some of the phenomena that arise are children becoming unable to accept other people's opinions openly and kindly, lack of listening to parental advice, becoming thugs and drug addicts. This is triggered by the lack of character education that should be built from an early age. If a child grows up in a harmonious, harmonious and peaceful condition and situation, of course the child will have a good character, be able to listen to parental advice, and will have dreams in the future. This situation will be compared upside down when the child gets the opposite or less good educational process. The method I use in this research is to conduct a critical analysis by examining character development in adolescence. As material in this reflection, I use some theories sourced from several books as references to help explain the meaning and importance of character education for young people. Through this study I came to the conclusion that character education plays a very important role in understanding and finding solutions for the good and bad tendencies of young people, especially adolescents.