scholarly journals Structure of avian communities in lowland coniferous forests in Opole Silesia (SSW Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

Abstract In Poland, forests comprise 31% of the total surface area, while the lowland coniferous forests comprise 51% of 94 000 km2 afforested areas. The line transect method was employed in 2002 and 2004 to estimate population densities and dominance of all bird species breeding in a selected fragment of such forest (eight transects with 165 sections and 77.7 km in total length). In total, 54 breeding bird species were recorded. The numbers varied between 37 and 44 on the particular transect. The number of breeding pairs per 10 ha varied on each transect from 41.0 to 93.6 (x=64.8; SD=102.22). Shannon’s diversity index varied between 1.2 and 1.4 on particular transects, while Simpson’s diversity index varied between 0.7 and 0.9. Also Pieleau’s evenness index varied slightly between 0.05 and 0.07. In overall, the differences between densities of breeding species on 8 transects were not statistically significant. The Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs was by far the most numerous bird species, recorded as eudominant in all eight transects and present in all 165 sections. The second to the Chaffinch was the Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita; also recorded in all sections and as a dominant in all transects. Three other species, namely the Blackbird Turdus merula, Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus and Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla were recorded each one in more than 90% sections (N=165), and on particular transects their dominance varied between 4 and 11%. Residents comprised 57.5% of all breeding pairs. Short-distance migrants were almost twice more common than long-distance migrants. Insectivores were by far the most numerous feeding guild represented 88.9% of all breeding pairs. Overall density, cumulative dominance, diversity and evenness were unexpectedly very similar in this study (managed forest) and in natural primeval lowland coniferous forests of Białowieża.

scholarly journals Diversity and structure of avian communities in extensive lowland pine forests in relation to the distance from the forest edge

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Avian Communities ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Area Effect ◽  
Field Edge

Most studies on edge effect are related to the forest-field edge, i.e. to the ecotone. However, there is a lack of studies attempting to investigate the effect of the distance from the forest/field edge on the avian communities in large continuous forests. The purpose of this study was to investigate this issue. The study area comprised a continuous coniferous forest, the so called Niemodlin Forest, situated in Opole Silesia, SW Poland. The line transect method has been employed in this study. In total, 54 breeding bird species were recorded. On particular 0.5 km section, the numbers varied from 34 to 48. Both the number of species and number of breeding pairs only slightly decreased with the distance from the forest/field edge. Overall, the differences between the mean densities of breeding species on 10 sections were not statistically significant. The Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs was by far the most numerous bird species, recorded as eudominant in 164 out of 165 sections. The Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, Willow Warbler Phyloscopus trochilus and Blackap Sylvia atricapilla were dominants in all 10 sections, while the Blackbird Turdus merula dominated in nine (90%) and the Robin Erithacus rubecula in eight (80%) sections. The communal dominance slightly increased, but the number of dominant species and Pielou’s Evenness Index remained stable with the increase of the distance from the forest/field edge. While Shannon’s Diversity Index remained constant, Simpson’s Diversity Index decreased markedly with the increase in distance from the forest/field edge. The proportion of long-distance migrants slightly decreased, while that of short-distance migrants and residents remained constant with the increase in the distance from the forest/field edge. Strikingly, no such changes in the proportion of all feeding guilds were shown. More than half of all breeding bird species show a negative correlation between population density and the distance from the forest/field edge. The dominance of some species decreased with the increase of the distance from the forest/field edge: Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Starling Sturnus vulgaris, Blue Tit Parusa caeruleus, Raven Corvus corax, Wren Troglodytes troglodytes, Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus, and Wood Lark Lullula arborea. With the exception of the Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella, the clearcuts in this study, not only failed to increase, but most probably caused a decrease in the number of both species and individuals. It is because clearing not only creates edges, but also causes loss of forest habitat and often results in forest fragmentation. Edge and area effect may in fact interact, in such way that the edge effect may drive out the area effect, causing the increase.

scholarly journals Population density and structure of a breeding bird community in a suburban habitat in the Cuvelai drainage system, northern Namibia

2021 ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

In a suburb (c. 100 ha) of Ongwediva, a total of 30 breeding bird species were recorded in 2018. Shannon’s Diversity Index was 2.01. Passer domesticus comprised almost half of all breeding pairs (36.4 pairs / 10 ha). Granivores were by far the most numerous feeding guild, comprising 77.5 % of all birds breeding. Birds nesting on/in buildings were represented by two species only, but they comprised almost half (49.9 %) of all breeding birds. In comparison with other southern African towns, the number of bird species breeding in Ongwediva was low. This was compensated by high population densities of some species.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the species richness and composition of bird species in a community managed forest of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 19212-19222
Author(s):  
Bishow Poudel ◽  
Bijaya Neupane ◽  
Rajeev Joshi ◽  
Thakur Silwal ◽  
Nirjala Raut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

There exists limited information on biodiversity including avifaunal diversity and habitat condition in community forests (CF) of Nepal; thus we aimed to fulfill such gaps in Tibrekot CF of Kaski district. We used the point count method for assessing bird diversity and laid out a circular plot size of radius 5-m within 15-m distance from each point count station for recording the biophysical habitat characteristics. Bird species’ diversity, richness and evenness were calculated using popular indexes and General Linear Model (GLM) was used to test the respective effect of various biophysical factors associated with the richness of bird species. In total, 166 (summer 122, winter 125) bird species were recorded in 46 sample plots. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was calculated as 3.99 and 4.09, Margalef’s richness index as 16.84 and 17.53 and Pielou’s evenness index as 0.83 and 0.84 for summer and winter, respectively. The influencing factors for richness of bird species were season (χ21, 90= 112.21; P= 0.016) with higher richness in the summer season and low vegetation cover (χ21, 89= 113.88; P= 0.0064) with higher richness in lower percentage cover. Thus, community managed forest should be protected as it has a significant role in increasing bird diversity, which has potential for attracting avifaunal tourism for the benefit of the local communities.

scholarly journals Birds species composition and abundance of a relativelly undisturbed vegetation at Mount Pati, Lokoja, Kogi State

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Dauda Tanko ◽  
Rita Chinweuba
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Avifauna of a relatively undisturbed vegetation at Mount Patti of Lokoja was surveyed from January to June, 2018. Line transect and point count techniques were used for data collection. This was done by weekly visits to the site between 6:00 h and 10:00 h of the day. Bird identification was done with the aid of a pair of binoculars, Field Guide of birds of western Africa and recorded bird calls. Monthly variation and season variation in bird composition and abundance were compared using Shannon-Wiener diversity index and equitability index. There were 39 species in 21 families encountered during the survey. The Family Nectarinidae had the highest number of 5 species, followed by Columbidae and Estrildidae with 4 species each. A total of 1,148 individuals were encountered during the six months survey with village weaver having the highest encountered rate of 107 while yellow-throated Long-claw had the least encountered rate of 4 individuals. Fluctuation was observed in the monthly encountered rate of the birds. Diversity and equitability indices had their highest values of 5.24 and 1.51 in January. More birds (696) were encountered in the wet season than the dry season (452). Four species were seen only in the wet season. Species effort curve showed that there are more species to be discover. The number of species encountered in this study revealed that the mountain is rich composition of bird species, even though the site seems to favour species that show preference to disturbed areas. The on-going anthropogenic activities probably paved way to these species to move in. Monthly and seasonal fluctuation of bird species diversity and abundance may be due to a combination of physical and biological factors. The physical and biological factors observed at the site which we speculate could be reasons for the observed fluctuations include slash and burnt system of farming, fuel-wood harvesting, intensive sporting activities creation of foot paths etc. High encountered rate indicate abundance and high activity level of the species. The village weaver was the most encountered species probably because they are known to be lousy, move in flocks and breed in colonies. In view of the rich composition and abundance of bird species on Mount Patti and the site being a suitable breeding site for the weavers. We recommend further study of the place as there are yet more species to be discovered as indicated by the species effort curve. There is need for conservation procedures to be initiated at the place and this study should serve as a baseline to initiate such programme by the state government.

scholarly journals Effect of Farming and Rainfall on the Species Diversity, Population Density and Community Structure of Birds Breeding in the Kalahari Woodland, NE Namibia

Zoodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Turtle Dove

The line transect method has been employed to assess species diversity, population densities and community structure of birds breeding in a mosaic of Kalahari Woodland and farmland, NE Namibia. The transect, 4.5 km long, was surveyed in 2014 and 2015. The total annual rainfall in 2014 was much higher than in 2015 (427 mm vs. 262 mm). In total, 40 breeding species in 2014, and 46 in 2015 were recorded. Six species were dominant in 2014 (Cape Turtle Dove, Laughing Dove, Emerald-spotted Dove, Blue Waxbill, and White-browed Scrub Robin) and only three species in 2015 (Cape Turtle Dove and Blue Waxbill and Yellow-fronted Canary). Although the cumulative dominance in 2014 almost doubled that in 2015, the Community Index in both years was almost identical. Also diversity indices and evenness index were very similar in both years compared. Granivorous birds were the most numerous feeding guild. Their contribution was similar in 2014 and 2015 (46.7 % vs. 43.4 %). Two other feeding guilds, insectivores and frugivores, comprised together more than 50 % in both years. The number of bird species and species diversity were not influenced by the differential rainfall. However, contrary to expectations, population densities of most bird species (at least the more numerous ones) were higher in the year with lower than in the year with higher rainfall. The number of species and species diversity was similar in the farmland and in neighbouring Kalahari Woodland in a pristine stage. However, population densities of most species were lower in the farmland than in the pristine woodland.

scholarly journals Avian Diversity Along An Altitudinal Gradient In Highveld/Drakensberg Grasslands

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Turtle Dove ◽  
Avian Assemblages ◽  
Group Species

Abstract Temperature and rainfall related to altitudinal gradients influence ecological and evolutionary responses of organisms to physical factors. In this study, the line transect method was used during the years 1996–2001 to compare resident (potentially breeding) bird communities in three altitudinal divisions in Highveld/Drakensberg grasslands in Lesotho: lowlands (< 1700 m a. s. l.), foothills (1700–2200 m a. s. l.) and highlands (> 2200 m a. s. l.). In total, 105 resident species were recorded. The total number of species recorded in lowlands was higher than that in highlands and foothills, but this difference was not statistically significant. The highland and foothill did not differ in numbers of species. A group of five species dominated at all three sites, and the proportion of dominant species in relation to the whole assemblage was very similar. The composition of the dominant group (species with more than 5 % of pairs) and the group of species most often encountered (in more than 80 % of transects) was, however, different. Only two species, Cape Canary Serinuscanicollis and Karoo Prinia Priniamaculosa were dominant in all three study areas, and just one species, the Cape Bunting Emberizacapensis, was dominant in two plots. Similarly, only two species, the Cape Turtle-Dove Streptopelia capicola and Cape Canary had a high frequency of occurrence in all three study areas, and two otherspecies, theKaroo Prinia and Cape Bunting — in two study areas. Simpson’s Diversity Index was strikingly the same (S = 0.96) for all three avian assemblages (lowland, foothill and highland) investigated. However, proportions of breeding pairs of some congeneric species were found to change with the altitude. The granivores were more common (44–45 %) in the foothills and highlands than in lowlands (36%), while insectivores were more common in the highlands (50 %) than in foothills and lowlands (36–37 %). In general, avifauna is relatively diverse and unique in the Highveld/Drakensberg grasslands. Results presented here provide data for further investigation of the effect of the supposed climate warming on the diversity and structure of avian communities.

scholarly journals Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
URFI IZZATI ◽  
HAYATI SARI HASIBUAN
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Riparian Tree

Abstract. Izzati U, Hasibuan HS. 2019. Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 595-603. Riparian is a riverbank area that has unique characteristics. It is a combination of terrestrial with aquatic habitats so that riparian ecosystems have high biodiversity values. Riparian is included in a protected area that is naturally designated for vegetation, but in reality, riparian areas, especially in urban areas, have a lot of conversion of land functions by humans so that it can disrupt diversity of tree and bird species. This study aims to identify the diversity of tree and bird species and the correlation between the two. Riparian length of Cisadane River, South Tangerang City is 20.15 km. The method used was plot line with size of 20 m x 20 m for tree data and line transect for bird data by systematic sampling with a random start then analyzed using Shannon Wiener index. The results obtained were found 22 tree species included in 11 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.707 and 40 bird species belonging to 25 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.794. The diversity of tree and bird species is classified as medium. The results of the analysis using the Pearson correlation between the diversity of tree with bird species obtained that there was no relationship between the two. Based on these results, riparian zones in urban areas need to be maintained and improved in quality so that the diversity of tree and bird species increases so as to create a stable ecosystem.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG PADA HUTAN DATARAN RENDAH DI KOMPLEKS GUNUNG BULUSARAUNG TAMAN NASIONAL BANTIMURUNG BULUSARAUNG

PERENNIAL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Risma Illa Maulany ◽  
Jumriah Lira ◽  
Amran Achmad ◽  
Nida' Sari Achmad
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Bird Watching

Lowland Forest at the complex of Bulusaraung mountain  in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park is one of important habitat of birds in South Sulawesi. This study aimed to identify bird’s diversity in the Lowland Forest of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park for ecotourism purposes. This research was carried out for 2 months between April and May 2018. The data were gathered by using line transect method. The data were analyzed by using Shannon-Weiner diversity index, Evenness index, Margalef species richness index, and Sorensen Similarity index. The result of the study showed that, there were 23 species of birds found in the three lines of observation tracks. There were 19 species  found in Balleanging, 12 species  in Kattokaddaro and 15 species  found in Tompobulu.The highest value of bird diversity index was found in Tompobulu (H '= 1,73) followed by Balleanging (H' = 1,54) and Kattokaddaro routes (H '= 1,43). Therefore, the diversity of bird species in the three observation pathways can be used as objects and attractions in the development of ecotourism based on bird watching in wildlife conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Structure of the breeding bird community along the urban gradient in a town on the Zambezi River, north-eastern Namibia

Biologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Urban Gradient ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Urbanization Gradient ◽  
The Town ◽  
Zambezi River

A simplified mapping method was employed to quantify avian assemblages in three study plots in a modified riparian forest on the Zambezi River in the town of Katima Mulilo, NE Namibia. The plots were arranged along the urbanization gradient: plot A (34 ha; 0–1 km from centre of the town), plot B (27 ha; 1–2 km from the centre), and plot C (24 ha; 2–3 km from the centre; periphery). In total, 51 breeding bird species were recorded in all three plots. Five of them, Columba livia domestica, Passer diffusus, Pycnonotus tricolor, Streptopelia senegalensis, and Uraeginthus angolensis were classified as dominant species. The cumulative dominance was 69.9%. The overall population density of all breeding species increased with the urban gradient. In general, granivorous birds were by far the most numerous feeding guild comprising 68.7% of all breeding birds. Two other guilds, frugivorous and insectivorous birds, together comprised 28.9%. While the proportion of granivores decreased along the urban gradient from the town centre to its periphery, the proportion of insectivores increased. The proportion of birds nesting in/on buildings decreased, and the share of tree/shrub- and hole-nesting birds increased along the urban gradient. The diversity indices were relatively high in all plots. They decreased only slightly along the urban gradient (from the centre to the periphery). However, the Pielou’s Evenness Index was comparatively low, but on a slight increase along the urbanization gradient. The Sorensen Similarity Index was low, but the values of the three studied plots were very similar.

scholarly journals Breeding avifauna of the Special Protection Area Natura 2000 ‘Grądy Odrzańskie’ in Czernica and Siechnice counties, Wrocław district (Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Ficedula Albicollis ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Lanius Collurio ◽  
Milvus Migrans ◽  
Circus Aeruginosus ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Special Protection

Abstract In 2009, in the Special Protection Area Natura 2000 ‘Grądy Odrzańskie’ in Czernica and Siechnice counties, Wrocław district, 95 breeding bird species were recorded. For 33 of them, maps of distribution of their breeding pairs are presented and for the remaining a relative abundance was estimated based on line transect method. In 2009, the following species were recorded in the study area for the first time: Cygnus olor, Crex crex, Upupa epops, and Picus canus. On the other hand, 11 species recorded in 1978-87 as breeding in the study area (Ciconia nigra, Pernis apivorus, Milvus migrans, Milvus milvus, Falco tinnunculus, Gallinago gallinago, Limosa limosa, Tringa totanus, Riparia riparia, Anthus campestris, Phoenicurus phoenicurus) were not recorded again in 2009. It has been shown that Saxicola torquata, Ficedula albicollis, Corvus corax and Remiz pendulinus have increased in numbers. The following species recorded in 2009 as breeding in the the study area: Cygnus olr, Ciconia ciconia, Circus aeruginosus, Crex crex, Alcedo atthis, Dryocopus martius, Picus canus, Dendrocopos medius, Lulula arborea, Sylvia nisoria, Ficedula albicollis, Lanius collurio and Emberiza hortulana are included in Annex 1 of the Bird Directive.

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