scholarly journals Birds species composition and abundance of a relativelly undisturbed vegetation at Mount Pati, Lokoja, Kogi State

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Dauda Tanko ◽  
Rita Chinweuba
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Avifauna of a relatively undisturbed vegetation at Mount Patti of Lokoja was surveyed from January to June, 2018. Line transect and point count techniques were used for data collection. This was done by weekly visits to the site between 6:00 h and 10:00 h of the day. Bird identification was done with the aid of a pair of binoculars, Field Guide of birds of western Africa and recorded bird calls. Monthly variation and season variation in bird composition and abundance were compared using Shannon-Wiener diversity index and equitability index. There were 39 species in 21 families encountered during the survey. The Family Nectarinidae had the highest number of 5 species, followed by Columbidae and Estrildidae with 4 species each. A total of 1,148 individuals were encountered during the six months survey with village weaver having the highest encountered rate of 107 while yellow-throated Long-claw had the least encountered rate of 4 individuals. Fluctuation was observed in the monthly encountered rate of the birds. Diversity and equitability indices had their highest values of 5.24 and 1.51 in January. More birds (696) were encountered in the wet season than the dry season (452). Four species were seen only in the wet season. Species effort curve showed that there are more species to be discover. The number of species encountered in this study revealed that the mountain is rich composition of bird species, even though the site seems to favour species that show preference to disturbed areas. The on-going anthropogenic activities probably paved way to these species to move in. Monthly and seasonal fluctuation of bird species diversity and abundance may be due to a combination of physical and biological factors. The physical and biological factors observed at the site which we speculate could be reasons for the observed fluctuations include slash and burnt system of farming, fuel-wood harvesting, intensive sporting activities creation of foot paths etc. High encountered rate indicate abundance and high activity level of the species. The village weaver was the most encountered species probably because they are known to be lousy, move in flocks and breed in colonies. In view of the rich composition and abundance of bird species on Mount Patti and the site being a suitable breeding site for the weavers. We recommend further study of the place as there are yet more species to be discovered as indicated by the species effort curve. There is need for conservation procedures to be initiated at the place and this study should serve as a baseline to initiate such programme by the state government.

scholarly journals Population Status Studies and Anthropogenic Impact on Birds of Biratnagar Sub-Metropolis

Our Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Kanchan Jha ◽  
Bharat Raj Subba
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Gradual Loss

Birds have always fascinated man by their exquisite coloration. They have their functional role in the ecosystem as potential pollinators and scavengers, indeed rightly called bioindicators. Nepal being a mega diversity centre harbors more than 873 species of birds which amounts to 10% of the world. Recently with increase consciousness for biodiversity census and monitoring, many new species have been added to the list. The subtropical climate and greenery of Biratnagar sub-metropolis provide good habitat for several bird species but in the past three decades drastic changes have taken place in the environment of this place because of anthropogenic activities and climate change. Several commonly visible birds’ species have left to turn out. Habitats of birds have shrunk here in such a way that very limited species of birds have become successful to show their representatives in this situation. Considering gradual loss of habitats because of increasing anthropogenic impacts and climate change, an attempt was made to study the present bird status of Biratnagar- sub metropolis. In twelve months of regular observation, eighty-one species of birds belonging to thirty-three families were recorded. Frequency of bird was counted by line transect method. The main five sites Tintolia- Balwahi (Latitude 26°26'32.4"N and Longitude 087°18'09.4"E), Baijnathpur, Ginaghat (Latitude 26029’59.8”N and Longitude 087017’53.2”E)”, Keshaliyakhola (Latitude 26°27'00"N and Longitude 087014.4’48.5”E), Dudhfarm (Latitude 26029’57.6”N and Longitude 087016’44.5”E) and Old airport (Latitude 26025’40.8”N Longitude 087016’34.3”E) were selected for study. On the basis of feeding habit birds recorded were carnivore 28.38%, omnivore 14.80%, insectivore 40.72%, fructivore 3.70%, grainivore 11.70% and nectivore 1.23%. The Shannon Wiener diversity index in summer and winter were found to be 3.68361 and 4.1328 respectively. The recorded birds were common 59.23%, fairly common 28.38% and 12.34% uncommon.  The main causes of declining bird population in Biratnagar were found to have been anthropogenic impacts such as encroachment of habitats and feeding and breeding areas, use of insecticides, change in land use pattern, urbanization, poaching and effect of climate change.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7796

scholarly journals Factors affecting the species richness and composition of bird species in a community managed forest of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 19212-19222
Author(s):  
Bishow Poudel ◽  
Bijaya Neupane ◽  
Rajeev Joshi ◽  
Thakur Silwal ◽  
Nirjala Raut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

There exists limited information on biodiversity including avifaunal diversity and habitat condition in community forests (CF) of Nepal; thus we aimed to fulfill such gaps in Tibrekot CF of Kaski district. We used the point count method for assessing bird diversity and laid out a circular plot size of radius 5-m within 15-m distance from each point count station for recording the biophysical habitat characteristics. Bird species’ diversity, richness and evenness were calculated using popular indexes and General Linear Model (GLM) was used to test the respective effect of various biophysical factors associated with the richness of bird species. In total, 166 (summer 122, winter 125) bird species were recorded in 46 sample plots. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was calculated as 3.99 and 4.09, Margalef’s richness index as 16.84 and 17.53 and Pielou’s evenness index as 0.83 and 0.84 for summer and winter, respectively. The influencing factors for richness of bird species were season (χ21, 90= 112.21; P= 0.016) with higher richness in the summer season and low vegetation cover (χ21, 89= 113.88; P= 0.0064) with higher richness in lower percentage cover. Thus, community managed forest should be protected as it has a significant role in increasing bird diversity, which has potential for attracting avifaunal tourism for the benefit of the local communities.

scholarly journals Vegetation structure and floristic composition of tree species in the habitat of Scaphium macropodum in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIDA SUSILOWATI ◽  
DENI ELFIATI ◽  
HENTI HENDALSTUTI RACHMAT ◽  
KUSUMADEWI SRI YULITA ◽  
ADI NURUL HADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Abstract. Susilowati A, Elfiati D, Rachmat HH, Yulita KS, Hadi AN, Kusuma YS, Batu SAL. 2020. Vegetation structure and floristic composition of tree species in the habitat of Scaphium macropodum in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3025-3033. Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee Ex K Heyne is a member of Malvaceae tree species and globally recognized as malva nut and locally known as ‘kembang semangkok’, ‘tempayang’, ‘merpayang’ or ‘kepayang’. The nut of S. macropodum has many benefits for medicinal purposes, yet destructive extraction of this tree species has led them to extinction. Among its natural distribution in Indonesia, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia is known as its original range, but there is limited information about the existence of this species. This study aimed to determine the vegetation structure of some tree species in the habitat of S. macropodum in Sikundur, Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Purposive sampling technique was employed by creating line transect at some forest areas where the population of S. macropodum is known to grow naturally. Four line transects with each transect consisting of five plots with nested plots within were established to record data at four growth stages, resulting in 80 plots in total. The results showed that the Important Value Index (IVI) of S. macropodum within the floristic community at the studied area was 21.98, 13.85, 27.30, and 39.60 for tree, pole, sapling, and seedlings stages, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H) were 3.80, 3.70, 3.06 and 2.45, Index of evenness (E) are 0.94, 0.92, 0.86, 0.77 and the Index of Richness (R) are 11.76, 10.73, 6.59, 4.10 for tree, pole, sapling, and seedlings stages. This result suggests that the natural population of S. macropodum in Sikundur forest was still in good condition at all stages from tree to seedling.

Diversity, distribution and relative abundance of avifauna at Ansas Dam and surrounding farmland site Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 175815592096320
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Shiferaw ◽  
Dereje Yazezew
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

The diversity, distribution, and relative abundance of avifauna were studied at and Around Ansas Dam, Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia, from early September 2018 to early February 2019, covering both wet and dry seasons. Line transect technique was employed to study the diversity, abundance and distribution of birds species in the farmland site while total count employed on the dam. Data were collected in both wet and dry seasons from 6:30 to10:00 early morning and 15:30 to 18.00 late afternoon, when birds are more active. The data were analyzed with Shannon-Weiner Index, Simpson Index, Evenness Index, and relative abundance. A total of 45 bird species (35 in the dam and 22 in the farmland) belonging to nine orders and 21 families were recorded during the study period. Order Passeriformes (37.8%) followed by order Charadriformes (24.4%) were represented highest number. From all identified species at Ansas Dam and surrounding farmland, Abyssinian longclaw, Black-headed siskins, White-tailed swallow, Blue-winged goose, and Spot-breasted lapwing were endemic birds to Ethiopia. The highest Shannon diversity (H′ = 2.1) was recorded in dam during the dry season while the lowest (H′ = 1.78) was recorded during wet season in farmland. However, the Simpson diversity Index of avian species indicated relatively higher avian species diversity during the dry season in dam (D = 0.80) than farmland (D = 0.71) habitat. Evenness was highest in the dam (E = 0.65) and lowest in the farmland (E = 0.58) habitat. More avian species similarity (SI = 0.42) at farmland and dam habitat during the wet season but least similarity (SI = 0.2) was observed during the dry season. Most birds had scored rare in the ordinal scale while few species with abundant and uncommon ranks in both habitats and seasons. Conservation of the different charismatic bird species should be taken as an important component of wildlife management plan in the area.

scholarly journals Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
URFI IZZATI ◽  
HAYATI SARI HASIBUAN
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Riparian Tree

Abstract. Izzati U, Hasibuan HS. 2019. Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 595-603. Riparian is a riverbank area that has unique characteristics. It is a combination of terrestrial with aquatic habitats so that riparian ecosystems have high biodiversity values. Riparian is included in a protected area that is naturally designated for vegetation, but in reality, riparian areas, especially in urban areas, have a lot of conversion of land functions by humans so that it can disrupt diversity of tree and bird species. This study aims to identify the diversity of tree and bird species and the correlation between the two. Riparian length of Cisadane River, South Tangerang City is 20.15 km. The method used was plot line with size of 20 m x 20 m for tree data and line transect for bird data by systematic sampling with a random start then analyzed using Shannon Wiener index. The results obtained were found 22 tree species included in 11 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.707 and 40 bird species belonging to 25 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.794. The diversity of tree and bird species is classified as medium. The results of the analysis using the Pearson correlation between the diversity of tree with bird species obtained that there was no relationship between the two. Based on these results, riparian zones in urban areas need to be maintained and improved in quality so that the diversity of tree and bird species increases so as to create a stable ecosystem.

scholarly journals Diversity and structure of avian communities in extensive lowland pine forests in relation to the distance from the forest edge

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Avian Communities ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Area Effect ◽  
Field Edge

Most studies on edge effect are related to the forest-field edge, i.e. to the ecotone. However, there is a lack of studies attempting to investigate the effect of the distance from the forest/field edge on the avian communities in large continuous forests. The purpose of this study was to investigate this issue. The study area comprised a continuous coniferous forest, the so called Niemodlin Forest, situated in Opole Silesia, SW Poland. The line transect method has been employed in this study. In total, 54 breeding bird species were recorded. On particular 0.5 km section, the numbers varied from 34 to 48. Both the number of species and number of breeding pairs only slightly decreased with the distance from the forest/field edge. Overall, the differences between the mean densities of breeding species on 10 sections were not statistically significant. The Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs was by far the most numerous bird species, recorded as eudominant in 164 out of 165 sections. The Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, Willow Warbler Phyloscopus trochilus and Blackap Sylvia atricapilla were dominants in all 10 sections, while the Blackbird Turdus merula dominated in nine (90%) and the Robin Erithacus rubecula in eight (80%) sections. The communal dominance slightly increased, but the number of dominant species and Pielou’s Evenness Index remained stable with the increase of the distance from the forest/field edge. While Shannon’s Diversity Index remained constant, Simpson’s Diversity Index decreased markedly with the increase in distance from the forest/field edge. The proportion of long-distance migrants slightly decreased, while that of short-distance migrants and residents remained constant with the increase in the distance from the forest/field edge. Strikingly, no such changes in the proportion of all feeding guilds were shown. More than half of all breeding bird species show a negative correlation between population density and the distance from the forest/field edge. The dominance of some species decreased with the increase of the distance from the forest/field edge: Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Starling Sturnus vulgaris, Blue Tit Parusa caeruleus, Raven Corvus corax, Wren Troglodytes troglodytes, Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus, and Wood Lark Lullula arborea. With the exception of the Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella, the clearcuts in this study, not only failed to increase, but most probably caused a decrease in the number of both species and individuals. It is because clearing not only creates edges, but also causes loss of forest habitat and often results in forest fragmentation. Edge and area effect may in fact interact, in such way that the edge effect may drive out the area effect, causing the increase.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG PADA HUTAN DATARAN RENDAH DI KOMPLEKS GUNUNG BULUSARAUNG TAMAN NASIONAL BANTIMURUNG BULUSARAUNG

PERENNIAL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Risma Illa Maulany ◽  
Jumriah Lira ◽  
Amran Achmad ◽  
Nida' Sari Achmad
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Bird Watching

Lowland Forest at the complex of Bulusaraung mountain  in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park is one of important habitat of birds in South Sulawesi. This study aimed to identify bird’s diversity in the Lowland Forest of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park for ecotourism purposes. This research was carried out for 2 months between April and May 2018. The data were gathered by using line transect method. The data were analyzed by using Shannon-Weiner diversity index, Evenness index, Margalef species richness index, and Sorensen Similarity index. The result of the study showed that, there were 23 species of birds found in the three lines of observation tracks. There were 19 species  found in Balleanging, 12 species  in Kattokaddaro and 15 species  found in Tompobulu.The highest value of bird diversity index was found in Tompobulu (H '= 1,73) followed by Balleanging (H' = 1,54) and Kattokaddaro routes (H '= 1,43). Therefore, the diversity of bird species in the three observation pathways can be used as objects and attractions in the development of ecotourism based on bird watching in wildlife conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Status of plankton diversity and biological productivity of Sahastradhara stream at Uttarakhand, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Malik ◽  
Umesh Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Plankton Diversity

The present contribution encompasses on plankton and biological productivity as ecological indicator for identifying the ecological quality of Sahastradhara stream (between 27 km stream stretches), located in the Doon Valley of Garhwal region in India. Monthly sampling from all the sampling sites was made for a period of 12 months (May 2009 – April 2010) at 9:00-11: 00 AM. A total of 40 taxa from different classes of plankton and zooplankton were reported. The phytoplankton (32 sp.) was found being the most abundant taxa than zooplankton (9 sp.) inSahastradhara stream. Fluctuation in the phytoplankton density was recorded highest (1536 unit/l) during winter and lowest (20 unit/l) during monsoon. Zooplanktons were reported to be maximum (147 unit/l) during summer and minimum (3 unit/l) during monsoon. The total diatoms were reported highest (1022unit/l) during starting the winter and lowest (4 unit/l) during monsoon. Green algae and blue green algae were reported to be maximum during winter and minimum during summer. The Shannon-wiener diversity index calculated for the density ofBacillariophyceae (0.2180-0.366), Chlorophyceae (0.208-0.367) and Cyanophyceae (0.391-0.366) and correlation was made between Plankton biomass and physico-chemical parameters to analyses the relative features of the both variables. The density of plankton and biological productivity were influenced by disturbances in the photic zone and indiscriminate anthropogenic activities for tourist development resulted aquatic habitat degradation in stream ecosystem.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bird Diversity as Bioindicators in Two Parks, Kolkata, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Ranjini Chowdhury ◽  
Subhodeep Sarkar ◽  
Abantika Nandy ◽  
Soumendra Nath Talapatra
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Wide Range

The trees of parks and gardens support many species, the survival of urban-dwelling species mainly bird species. Birds amongst other species provide a wide range of environmental and social functions to cities and urban dwellers. The present study aims to know bird diversity in two parks as bioindicator of automobile air pollution exposure, landscape changes and/or human interactions. The study areas were selected as per heavily-populated neighborhoods, nearby office buildings, nearby roads and continuous vehicular movements, human interactions as visitors, where high levels of human disturbance are common. The study was carried out at 2 sampling stations viz (i) Elliot park and (ii) Agri-horticulture Society. The bird species diversity was studied by qualitative and quantitative assessment. Indices were Species richness, Index of Dominance, Relative abundance, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Evenness Index for birds for all selected sites were calculated using the statistical formulae. The present results as bioindicators bird species clearly indicate that the bird species are very few in numbers in both the parks. When comparison made between both the parks, it was observed less number of bird varieties (16 types) in Elliot park than varieties (9 types) more less in number in Agri-horticulture society. This study is a preliminary assessment of bird diversity but further researches are needed in relation to biochemical and genetic damage study as well as air pollution load by using instruments. In the present study it was concluded that the less numbers of birds and their different diversity indices were found a decreasing trends, though there no attempt has been made on physico-chemical properties of present air pollutants. The less number of varieties of bird species are as tolerant bioindicators, which may be due to the vehicular pollution and/or human interference and/or landscape changes due to nearby neighborhood blocks, office and residential buildings, continuous movement of vehicles etc

scholarly journals Mangrove vegetation and bird communities around Tegal Port, Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slamet Isworo ◽  
POERNA SRI OETARI
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation

Abstract. Isworo S, Oetari PS. 2020. Mangrove vegetation and bird communities around Tegal Port, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1551-1560. The ecological balance in Tegal harbor area needs to get serious attention due to the impacts of Tegal Port activities. For this purpose, the diversity of mangrove and avifauna (bird) can be used as bio-indicators of the ecological stability of the area. This study aimed to assess and analyze the diversity of plants and avifauna (birds) that live in mangrove and coastal zones around Tegal Port development area. Data collection was conducted using purposive random sampling method on two sites for vegetation and three sites for avifauna. The importance value index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Sorensen’s similarity index was calculated for the vegetation. For birds, we calculated the diversity and similarity index as well as identified their conservation status based on the IUCN Red List, CITES and government regulations. In terms of vegetation, Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina dominate Site 2 (Tegalsari) while Casuarina equisetifolia and R. mucronata dominate Site 3 (Alam Indah Beach). Overall, the vegetation has low biodiversity index and similarity between sites is also low. For bird, there are 37 species from 18 families. Site 1 (Muara Reja) has the highest number of species with 29 species, followed by Site 2 (Tegalsari) with 25 species, and Site 3 (Alam Indah Beach) with 22 species. The three sites have moderate diversity index and there is high similarity index between sites. All bird species found in the study sites are listed as Least Concern under IUCN Red List, while there are two species protected under national protection law, i.e. Ardea alba and Glareola maldivarum. In general, the condition of mangrove vegetation around Tegal Port has low diversity. This suggests that the pressure on the environment is quite high, causing only few plant species to be able to live and dominate the ecosystem. The limited vegetation also causes birds community, especially the protected A. alba and G. maldivarum in Site 2, becomes increasingly difficult to find, because places to find food, breeding places and places to rest are disturbed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document