scholarly journals Effect of Farming and Rainfall on the Species Diversity, Population Density and Community Structure of Birds Breeding in the Kalahari Woodland, NE Namibia

Zoodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Turtle Dove

The line transect method has been employed to assess species diversity, population densities and community structure of birds breeding in a mosaic of Kalahari Woodland and farmland, NE Namibia. The transect, 4.5 km long, was surveyed in 2014 and 2015. The total annual rainfall in 2014 was much higher than in 2015 (427 mm vs. 262 mm). In total, 40 breeding species in 2014, and 46 in 2015 were recorded. Six species were dominant in 2014 (Cape Turtle Dove, Laughing Dove, Emerald-spotted Dove, Blue Waxbill, and White-browed Scrub Robin) and only three species in 2015 (Cape Turtle Dove and Blue Waxbill and Yellow-fronted Canary). Although the cumulative dominance in 2014 almost doubled that in 2015, the Community Index in both years was almost identical. Also diversity indices and evenness index were very similar in both years compared. Granivorous birds were the most numerous feeding guild. Their contribution was similar in 2014 and 2015 (46.7 % vs. 43.4 %). Two other feeding guilds, insectivores and frugivores, comprised together more than 50 % in both years. The number of bird species and species diversity were not influenced by the differential rainfall. However, contrary to expectations, population densities of most bird species (at least the more numerous ones) were higher in the year with lower than in the year with higher rainfall. The number of species and species diversity was similar in the farmland and in neighbouring Kalahari Woodland in a pristine stage. However, population densities of most species were lower in the farmland than in the pristine woodland.

scholarly journals Bird diversity analysis in the lower mountain forest of mount Bulusaraung to support ecotourism’s activities in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
A Achmad ◽  
U Damayanti ◽  
R I Maulany
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
Evenness Indices

Abstract Lower mountain forest in the complex of Mount Bulusaraung Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, is a one of bird’s habitat in the South Sulawesi. This area is a tourist destination, especially mountain climbing activities. Thus, it is necessary to know the diversity of animals, especially birds on this hiking trail, so that the information can be used to support ecotourism activities. This study aims to analyze the diversity of bird species in the complex of Bulusaraung Mountain, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in order to support ecotourism activities. This research was conducted from April to June 2018. Data was collected using the line transect method on three lines, namely the Balleanging, Kattokaddaro and Tompobulu lines. The second and third paths are hiking trails, while the rest are trails leading to community agricultural areas. The geographical position of the transect line was recorded using GPS. The GIS method was used to generate a bird watching trail map. Data analysis was carried out to calculate the individual density and frequency of bird presence. In addition, the species diversity indices, species evenness indices, and species richness indices were also calculated. The results showed that there were 44 species of birds found in the study area, which were 16 species in the Balleanging line, 27 species in the Kattokaddaro line and 37 species in the Tompobulu line. The highest bird species diversity indices value was found on the Tompobulu line (H' = 2.93), while on the Kattokaddaro line it was H' = 2.73 and the Balleanging H' = 2.55. The results of this study will support the management strategy in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in order to harmonize the conservation of biological resources through ecotourism activities that involve local communities to increase their economic income.

scholarly journals Feeding guilds of the avifauna of District Kargil in Jammu and Kashmir State

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Tsewang Motup ◽  
D. N. Sahi
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Bird Census ◽  
Point Transect ◽  
Line Transect Method ◽  
Arid Desert

A survey of the avifauna of district Kargil was carried out using a combination of Line Transect method and Point Transect method to record the avifaunal diversity and their feeding guilds. The bird census was carried out from April 2010 to April 2012. The study area lies between 340 15' to 340 47' 30'' North latitudes and 75? 45' to 76? 3' East longitudes. The area constitutes a part of the Trans-Himalayas in Jammu And Kashmir State. The area is comprised of high rocky mountains with snow bound peaks and arid desert devoid of natural vegetation. The altitudinal range of the area varies between 2430m to 4192m above msl. The study revealed 102 species of birds. Six major feeding categories were considered viz. insectivorous, carnivorous, grainivorous, omnivorous, frugivorous and herbivorous. The highest number of bird species was observed to utilize more than one feeding guild followed by insectivorous, carnivorous, grainivorous and omnivorous bird species. Feeding guild of 1 species i.e., Black-crowned Night Hereon was not recorded during the study.

scholarly journals Abundance and community structure of birds breeding in Kalahari woodland used as rangeland

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Linear Index ◽  
Turtle Dove ◽  
Index Of Abundance

The line transect method was applied to assess the linear index of abundance and community structure of birds breeding in an area of Kalahari woodland used as range land for cattle. Four transects were designed along roads traversing the ranch. Each transect was 2.5 km long and was surveyed three times in 2014 and 2015. A total of 47 bird species were recorded but only 25-31 species were recorded on any particular transect. In the neighbouring pristine Kalahari woodland, the number of bird species on a12 km long transect was much higher (n = 88), and ranged in some sections (each 1.2 km in length) from 35 to 53. On any particular section, the number of dominant species ranged from 5 to 7, and their cumulative dominance on each section was similar, ranging from 53-56 %, while the community dominance index ranged from 0.23 to 0.35. The most numerous species were the Cape turtle dove and emerald-spotted wood dove, which were dominant on all sections. Together they comprised 28 % of all breeding birds. The avian community in the Kalahari woodland in Sachinga LDC did not differ from the neighbouring pristine woodland either in terms of species diversity or evenness. However, it differed significantly in terms of species richness, the proportion of main ecological guilds, and linear index of abundance of particular species. These differences could be mainly due to the structure of woody vegetation, which is much thicker in Sachinga than in the pristine woodland not used as pasture for cattle. The thickening of this vegetation on the ranch could have been caused by heavy grazing pressure by the cattle. Data published through GBIF (Doi: https://doi.org/10.15470/rova7r)

scholarly journals AVIAN SPECIES COMPOSITION PROFILE AND FEEDING GUILDS UNDER THE AEROBIC RICE FIELD

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Badrulhadza Amzah ◽  
Razali Baki ◽  
Mohd Hafizi Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Water Scarce

In Malaysia, the aerobic rice production system is an alternative approach to growing rice in a water-scarce environment. Like irrigated rice, aerobic rice also can sustain a diversity of avian fauna. The current status of birds in the rice fields of Malaysia especially under aerobic rice condition has not been widely researched. Therefore, this study aims to document the richness, diversity and feeding guilds of bird species in aerobic rice cultivation area. Birds were sampled and recorded using four randomly set up mist net at an upscaling aerobic rice plot in Serdang, Selangor during a period of the one month starting from the milky stage of the plant (75 days after emergence) until two weeks after harvest. 139 birds representing 11 species belonging to 7 families were recorded in the aerobic rice plot. The most abundant bird family observed was Estrildidae (80.58%), followed by Hirundinidae (6.47%), and Meropidae and Motacillidae (both recorded 5.04%). Scaly-breasted munia (50.36%) and white-headed munia (28.06%) are the most abundant birds, while other types of munia such as chestnut munia and white-rumped munia are present in small numbers. Munias were the most observed bird species number (36.36%) and therefore can be considered as the main avian pest of aerobic rice. The diversity indices, The Shannon-Wiener Index was 1.43 while The Reciprocal Simpson Index was 2.93. The richness index (The Margalef Index) was 2.03. The Equitability Index was 0.59. In term of feeding guild, most species belong to insectivore (45.45%) and granivore (36.36%) while the rest were piscivore/insectivore and granivore/insectivore. However, the granivore recorded the highest number of individuals (112 or 80.58%) compared to other guilds. Presence of a relatively high diversity of bird species with varieties of feeding guilds indicated that aerobic rice does provide an attractive habitat or foraging site for avian fauna.

scholarly journals Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-Spot’ Area in Southern Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Line Transect Method ◽  
Avian Assemblages

During the year 1999-2001, avian assemblages associated with cliffs and bushy vegetation of the Clarens Formation have been quantified by means of the line transect method (total length of transects - 107 km) in Lesotho lowlands. In total, 80 species resident in these habitats were recorded. Overall, six species were classified as dominants: Serinus canicollis, Prinia maculosa, Streptopelia senegalensis, Emberiza tahapisi, Emberiza capensis and Cisticola fulvicapilla. Together they comprised 41.4 % of all breeding pairs. Ten other species were classified as subdominants (33.9 %). Granivores were the most numerous feeding guild (31 species; 48.0 % of all pairs), followed by insectivores (27 species; 32.3 %) and frugivores (11 species; 17.4 %). The most numerous nesting guild were shrub/tree nesting birds (47.2 %). Proportions for some congereric species were calculated. The bushy vegetation is characterized by high species diversity and relatively high population densities of some species.

Diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in freshwater stream of Megamalai hills, Tamil Nadu, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
S. Barathy ◽  
T. Sivaruban ◽  
Srinivasan Pandiarajan ◽  
Isack Rajasekaran ◽  
M. Bernath Rosi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Stream ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
High Diversity

In the study on the diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in the freshwater stream of Chinnasuruli falls on Megamalai hills, a total of 523 specimens belonging to thirteen genera and five families were collected in six month periods. Of the five families, Teloganodidae and Leptophlebiidae exhibited high diversity and Caenidae showed low diversity. Choroterpes alagarensis (Leptophlebiidae) is the most dominant species. Diversity indices such as Shannon and Simpson indices showed that diversity was maximum in November and December and it was minimum in August and January. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that rainfall, water flow, turbidity, and air temperature were the major stressors in affecting the Ephemeropteran community structure.

Diversity, status and habitat usage of avifauna at sadar upazila, magura, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-456
Author(s):  
Ashikur Rahman Shome ◽  
Md Mahabub Alam ◽  
Md Fazle Rabbe ◽  
Mohammad Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Firoj Jaman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Common Myna ◽  
Rural And Urban

A study on diversity, status, and habitat preference of avifauna was conducted from November 2017 to October 2018 in Magura Sadar upazila, Magura. Data was collected through direct field observations using line-transect method. Field surveys were made for three days per month in both rural and urban sites. A total of 140 species of birds belonged to 18 orders and 48 families were reported. Among the total species, 55% (77 species) were non-passerines and 45% (63 species) passerines with the highest individuals were counted under order Passeriformes. Resident bird species were dominant (106 species, 75.71%) over migratory (34 species, 24.28%) species. Species richness was the highest in the rural areas (124 species, 88.57%) and occurrence was the highest in winter season (97 species, 69.29%). The maximum species were recorded from trees (87 species, 62.14%) as preferred habitat. In this study, in total 4,060 individuals of birds were counted and among them, 51.55% (n=2093) were observed in the rural areas and 48.45% (n=1967) were in the urban areas. The highest number of birds was found in December (10.34%, n=432) and seasonal abundance was the highest in winter (40.15%, n=1630). Abundance was the highest for Common Myna (5.76%, n=234) among all recorded species. Diversity indices showed that the bird species were the most diverse in the rural areas in the winter season and in July. Habitat diversity indices were the highest for trees and birds used different types of habitats at different times for roosting, breeding and feeding. Regarding the observation status, 29.28% species was very common, 4.28% common, 31.42% fairly common, and 35% were few. This baseline data indicate that this study site is significant from the ecological and conservation point of views. Therefore, further research is necessary to understand how this avian diversity is maintained in this ecological setting. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 441-456, 2020

Avifauna in three vegetation types on Mundanthurai Plateau, South India

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. T. Johnsingh ◽  
Justus Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
South India ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Secondary Vegetation ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest ◽  
Bird Species Diversity

ABSTRACTPatterns of bird species diversity within three vegetation types were investigated by the line transect method on Mundanthurai Plateau, South India. Minimum numbers of species and individuals were seen in the study area during July and August. Such seasonal variation was more pronounced in riverine and dry deciduous forest than in the secondary vegetation which was avoided by most of the winter migrants. There was a greater species overlap between riverine and dry deciduous forest than between riverine and secondary vegetation.No relationship could be established between bird species diversity and tree species/foliage height diversity. The secondary vegetation had fewer specialized forest species and more generalists. Larger birds (>200 g) were rare but smaller ones (<50 g) were more common. The paper emphasizes that the conservation status of avifauna in managed forests in India needs to be assessed and monitored.

scholarly journals Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
URFI IZZATI ◽  
HAYATI SARI HASIBUAN
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Riparian Tree

Abstract. Izzati U, Hasibuan HS. 2019. Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 595-603. Riparian is a riverbank area that has unique characteristics. It is a combination of terrestrial with aquatic habitats so that riparian ecosystems have high biodiversity values. Riparian is included in a protected area that is naturally designated for vegetation, but in reality, riparian areas, especially in urban areas, have a lot of conversion of land functions by humans so that it can disrupt diversity of tree and bird species. This study aims to identify the diversity of tree and bird species and the correlation between the two. Riparian length of Cisadane River, South Tangerang City is 20.15 km. The method used was plot line with size of 20 m x 20 m for tree data and line transect for bird data by systematic sampling with a random start then analyzed using Shannon Wiener index. The results obtained were found 22 tree species included in 11 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.707 and 40 bird species belonging to 25 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.794. The diversity of tree and bird species is classified as medium. The results of the analysis using the Pearson correlation between the diversity of tree with bird species obtained that there was no relationship between the two. Based on these results, riparian zones in urban areas need to be maintained and improved in quality so that the diversity of tree and bird species increases so as to create a stable ecosystem.

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