scholarly journals Theoretical Old-Age Pension Benefits and Replacement Rates in the Baltic States: A Retrospective Simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Rajevska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Average Salary ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Baseline Case ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Pension Benefits

Abstract The author presents a comparative analysis of old-age pension systems in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania using a method of retrospective simulation run on a self-developed model. The model baseline case is a person retiring in December 2014 after 40 years of service with nationwide average salary. Other cases include low and high-earners, funded schemes participants and simulations for modified notional capital valorisation formulae. Three study countries return very dissimilar results, which is caused by differences in their pension systems’ designs. Lack of non-contributory element (basic pension) in Latvia leads to a low degree of progressivity, with inexcusably low pensions to low-earners and excessively generous pensions to high-earners. Participation in funded pillar II schemes has not brought any significant gains to pension plan sharers. Notional capital valorisation rules adopted in different countries that use the NDC-system significantly influence pension amount.

scholarly journals Russian Elections in Post-Soviet Eurasia: The Factor of Diaspora

2021 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Pavel Vorobyev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
The Baltic

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of holding Russian elections in neighboring countries. Using the example of the Russian presidential elections in 2018 in Belarus, Moldova and the Baltic states, the results of voting, the peculiarities of the organization of the expression of will and the final turnout are analyzed. Based on quantitative and qualitative data, as well as comparative analysis, measures are proposed to improve the process of foreign voting in Russian elections.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POST-RECESSION STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE IN THE BALTIC STATES

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Irina Pilvere ◽  
Aija Pilvere-Javorska ◽  
Baiba Rivza
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Stock Market Performance ◽  
The Baltic

Stock market is alternative place to bank lending for company’s finance and contributor to economic development. Baltic States is market, which traditionally is perceived as one, however it is comprised of 3 separate stock markets. Research aim was to conduct comparative analysis of stock market development performance post-recession in the Baltic States.. In order to perform analysis, number of listed companies, their market capitalization and structure in Baltic States were analyzed and also compared to main economic indicators structure in 2008-2018 6 months. The main research methods are: analysis, synthesis, the logical construction method, the induction and deduction methods, as well as time series analysis. Authors have determined main stock market performance indicators and compared stock market indicators structure with Baltic region’s economic structure. Research results indicates that number of listed companies had increased only in Estonia, also market capitalization there had experienced their value to more than double in analyzed period. In Lithuania number of companies had declined, while market capitalization the growth was slower when compared to in Estonia, while more linear. In turn, stock market capitalization and number of listed companies in Latvia were declining in 2008-2018 6 months. Overall number of listed companies in Baltic States was decreasing, while their market capitalization is increasing, but still is only 60% of value it was in pre-recession year 2007. In Estonia and in Lithuania average listed companies are larger in size, when compared to in Latvia. Size of average listed companies on stock market in Estonia and in Lithuania more than doubled in size, while in Latvia it showed insignificant growth. Stock market indicators’ structure had insignificant deviations from the main economic indicator structure in 2008, while in 6 months 2018 dynamics in Latvia stock market parameters had dropped in the structure among all 3 Baltic States. Overall, in Latvia stock market is lagging behind, when compared to one in Estonia and in Lithuania in analyzed period, thus all 3 Baltic States has had asymmetrical recovery and development speed post-recession.

scholarly journals Self-Defense Mechanisms of Democracy during the Crisis: The Baltic States in Comparative Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Joanna Rak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
The Political ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
The Baltic

Theoretically embedded in studies on militant democracy, the study offers a comparative analysis of the use of self-defense mechanisms of democracy during the Coronavirus Crisis in Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia. The research aims to identify what anti-democratic measures were adopted to influence the sovereignty of the political nations and which served to either strengthen, maintain or undermine that sovereignty. Although neo-militant democracy goals prevailed in the Baltic states’ pre-pandemic political and legal structures, the pandemic-induced measures resulted in variation. In Estonia, the restrictions put the sovereignty of the political nation in jeopardy. Simultaneously, in Lithuania and Latvia, the sovereignty of the political nations remained unthreatened. In Estonia, the electoral successes and increase in support for the extreme-right political party Conservative People’s Party of Estonia turned conducive to the movement from neo- towards quasi-militant democracy. In Lithuania and Latvia, the extreme groupings did not receive comparable support and could not initiate an anti-democratic turn.

scholarly journals LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY ON LATVIA DAIRY FARMS IN THE EU CONTEXT

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Valda Bratka ◽  
Artūrs Prauliņš
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Total Labour ◽  
The Eu

The agriculture and dairy sectors are important integral parts of Latvian economy. Recently they have suffered a significant decline due to a price disparity and out–of–date technologies. At present most dairy farms work with losses or low profitability. As the effectiveness of labour force is the key prerequisite of successful agri–management, the comparative analysis of labour productivity of dairy farms in the Baltic States and the EU are performed. Special attention has been paid to the structure of labour force, revealing the proportion of paid labour in total labour resources. In contrast to previously done research the focus is on international comparison within the Baltic States and the EU average level.

scholarly journals FDI Attraction: Comparative Analysis of the Baltic States and Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol V (Issue 3) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Tatiana Papiashvili ◽  
Svetlana Saksonova ◽  
Ramona Rupeika-Apoga
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Fdi Attraction

scholarly journals Mandatory Pension System and Redistribution: The Comparative Analysis of Institutions in Baltic States

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Eugenijus Dunajevas ◽  
Daiva Skučienė
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Comparative Institutional Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
National Economies

Abstract Mandatory pension systems occupy a central role in the system of social security because of the share of social expenditure in national economies. One of the goals of pension system is to redistribute incomes among individuals. However, it is not clear how the intentions to redistribute incomes coincide with the outcomes. In this paper, we will study the difference between the intentions as they are articulated within institutions, with the outcomes that are generated by them. We use the method of comparative institutional analysis in order to find out the differences. Our comparative institutional analysis is based on the grammar of institutions that is proposed by Crawford and Ostrom. Also, in order to understand the differences, we will compare the institutions in relatively similar cases – the Baltic States. The results show that there is a gap between the intentions and outcomes to redistribute incomes among individuals. The findings from the comparative institutional analysis suggest that the most redistributive old age pension system is in Estonia. However, according to the factual information from Eurostat, the greatest distributive effect is produced by the mandatory pension system of Lithuania.

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