scholarly journals Impact of Air Pollution and Outdoor Temperature on the Rate of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations

Folia Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliya I. Krachunov ◽  
Nikolay H. Kyuchukov ◽  
Zlatina I. Ivanova ◽  
Nikolay A. Yanev ◽  
Petkana A. Hristova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Copd Exacerbations ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackground: Environmental pollution can be one of the main risk factors for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: To study the relationship between air pollution, outdoor temperature and exacerbations of COPD. Materials and methods: COPD patients (n=1432) were followed up for one year. The levels of particulate matter up to 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and outside temperatures were collected from the Environmental Agency database. Results: A total of 309 acute COPD exacerbations (AECOPD) were recorded in the analysis. The daily mean concentrations of PM10were found to correlate significantly with the daily mean concentrations of NO2and SO2(ρ 0.34 and ρ 0.49, respectively; p=0.0001). The negative correlations between the daily mean temperature and the daily mean levels of PM10, NO2and SO2were also significant (ρ -0.44, ρ -0.11, and ρ -0.37, respectively; p=0.0001). The daily number of AECOPD correlated with the mean levels of PM10in the previous six days (ρ 0.14; p=0.02) and the lower outdoor temperature (ρ -0.2; p=0.001). The negative correlation between the daily number of AECOPD and the mean daily temperature was stronger in days with levels of PM10above 50 μg/m3(ρ -0.3 p=0.02 vs. ρ -0.18 p= 0.01). Conclusion: Lower daily mean temperatures were associated with the levels of air pollutants. The level of PM10correlated with the levels of the other air pollutants. The daily number of AECOPD was found to correlate weakly, but signifi cantly with the mean level of PM10in the previous six days.

scholarly journals Impact of a Positive Viral Polymerase Chain Reaction on Outcomes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulothungan Gunasekaran ◽  
Mudassar Ahmad ◽  
Sana Rehman ◽  
Bright Thilagar ◽  
Kavitha Gopalratnam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Exacerbations ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: More than 15 million adults in the USA have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) places a high burden on the healthcare system. Many hospital admissions are due to an exacerbation, which is suspected to be from a viral cause. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the outcomes of patients with a positive and negative respiratory virus panel who were admitted to the hospital with COPD exacerbations. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Geisinger Healthcare System. The dataset included 2729 patient encounters between 1 January 2006 and 30 November 2017. Hospital length of stay was calculated as the discrete number of calendar days a patient was in the hospital. Patient encounters with a positive and negative respiratory virus panel were compared using Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous variables. Results: There were 1626 patients with a total of 2729 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation encounters. Nineteen percent of those encounters (n = 524) had a respiratory virus panel performed during their admission. Among these encounters, 161 (30.7%) had positive results, and 363 (69.3%) had negative results. For encounters with the respiratory virus panel, the mean age was 64.5, 59.5% were female, 98.9% were white, and the mean body mass index was 26.6. Those with a negative respiratory virus panel had a higher median white blood cell count (11.1 vs. 9.9, p = 0.0076). There were no other statistically significant differences in characteristics between the two groups. Respiratory virus panel positive patients had a statistically significant longer hospital length of stay. There were no significant differences with respect to being on mechanical ventilation or ventilation-free days. Conclusion: This study shows that a positive respiratory virus panel is associated with increased length of hospital stay. Early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation patients with positive viral panel would help identify patients with a longer length of stay.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Air Pollution: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorollah Tahery ◽  
Kourosh Zarea ◽  
Maria Cheraghi ◽  
Nasser Hatamzadeh ◽  
Majid Farhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

: Air pollution exposure is one of the main risk factors for respiratory system diseases, including airway diseases, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Few studies have been done concerning Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) and its relationship with air pollution. Particulate Matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Heavy Metals (HM) are the most important air pollutants found to exert harmful effects on the human and environment. This review aimed to study the health effects of air pollution on respiratory systems, especially COPD. A narrative review of the literature was done from 1978 to 2020 in various databases, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, NCBI, and BMJ. The results indicated that air pollution exposure could increase respiratory diseases, especially COPD. According to the results, COPD is caused by poor airflow and long-term breathing problems due to disrupted lung tissue. Based on the results, hazardous air pollutants induce destructive effects on the lung and result in COPD. Thus, COPD is a critical public health issue in Iran and the world. To decrease the rate of COPD attributed to air pollutants, we should use policies to decrease pollutant emissions.

scholarly journals Outcome of early use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Ishfaq ◽  
Naheed Gul ◽  
Neelum Zaka
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Early Use ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To determine the outcome of early use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in Pakistani patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Shifa International Hospital Islamabad from April 2015 to January 2017. A total of 120 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving NIPPV alongside standard therapy were included in the study. The patients were clinically assessed before starting on NIPPV. The parameters of respiratory rate, pH and paCO2 were monitored and NIPPV was given for six hours to evaluate clinical outcomes and analyze the factors predicting failure (requirement of mechanical ventilation and mortality). Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables while Mean and Standard Deviation for quantitative variables. Chi-square and t-test were used to see differences in pre and post NIPPV arterial blood gases. Results: Patients’ mean age was 58.88±10.09 years. Males were 88 (73.3%) and females were 32 (26.7%). The mean respiratory rate was 24±1.45 per minute before and 17.96±1.35 per minute after NIPPV (p < 0.00001). The mean pH before NIPPV was 7.27±0.04 and afterwards 7.38±0.02 (p < 0.00001). The mean pCO2 was 61.87±9.60 mm of Hg before and 57.46±6.79 mm of Hg after NIPPV (P < 0.0003). Twenty Four (20%) patients required invasive ventilation of which 19 (15.8%) patients could not survive. Conclusions: There was remarkable improvement in the arterial blood gases after NIPPV. However, the high mortality rate and significant number of COPD patients requiring mechanical ventilation necessitates further investigation into our population. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.857 How to cite this:Ishfaq N, Gul N, Zaka N. Outcome of early use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1488-1492. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.857 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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