scholarly journals Effects from Early Planting of Late-Maturing Sunflowers on Damage from Primary Insect Pests in the United States

Helia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (64) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Prasifka ◽  
L. F. Marek ◽  
D. K. Lee ◽  
S. B. Thapa ◽  
V. Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Smicronyx Fulvus ◽  
Sunflower Moth ◽  
Homoeosoma Electellum

AbstractDelayed planting is recommended to reduce damage from sunflower insect pests in the United States, including the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) and banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham. However, in some locations, planting earlier or growing later-maturing hybrids could improve yield or oil content of sunflowers which would partially offset any added costs from insect pests or their management. Because the abundance and distribution of some sunflower insects have changed since recommendations for delayed planting were developed, experimental plots were grown in 2012 and 2013 at sites in North Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. Sunflowers were planted two to four weeks earlier than normal, including hybrids that flower two to three weeks later than elite commercial hybrids. The sum of seed damaged by sunflower moth, banded sunflower moth, and red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte, (i. e., total percentage) was influenced by location, but not the relative maturity of tested entries. However, when damage attributed solely to the red sunflower seed weevil was analyzed, more damaged seed were found for late-maturing entries in North Dakota and Nebraska. In addition to the trial data, current pest populations are lower than when delayed planting was first recommended and insecticide use during sunflower bloom is both common and effective. Together, these observations suggest factoring insect pests into planting time decisions may be unnecessary, except for areas with a history of problems with severe pests that cannot be managed using insecticides (e. g., sunflower midge, Contarinia schulzi Gagné).

Book Reviews

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-271
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of North Dakota ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
History Of ◽  
Financial Identity

David Flynn of University of North Dakota reviews “Creditworthy: A History of Consumer Surveillance and Financial Identity in America,” by Josh Lauer. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Details the rise of consumer credit surveillance in the United States and its ongoing effort to control the behavior of American citizens and quantify their value in a variety of contexts in an effort to make them “good”—morally responsible, obedient, predictable, and profitable.”

The History of Russian Pigweed, Axyris amaranthoides (Chenopodiaceae, Atripliceae), in North America

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prairie Provinces

Herbarium records indicate that Russian pigweed (Axyris amaranthoides L.) entered the flora of Manitoba in 1886, spreading from there, by its own devices and by secondary introductions, to other provinces of Canada and to the United States. It is best established (to the extent of being considered a weed) in North Dakota and the prairie provinces of Canada.

scholarly journals Diversity and Introduction History of Glycaspis brimblecombei Reflects a History of Bridgeheads and Distinct Invasions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Dittrich-Schröder ◽  
Jeff R. Garnas ◽  
Daniela Arriagada-Cares ◽  
Rodrigo Ahumada ◽  
Brett P. Hurley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
La Réunion ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
Glycaspis Brimblecombei ◽  
History Of

Glycaspis brimblecombei is an invasive insect pest of Eucalyptus that has spread rapidly around the world since its first report in California in 1998. The pest now occurs on at least four continents where Eucalyptus is grown as a non-native plantation species. To characterize global routes of invasion for this insect, we characterized the sequences of a portion of the Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (COI) gene from 105 individuals from the invasive and native range, including from Australia, Brazil, Chile, La Réunion, Mauritius, South Africa and the United States. In addition, we developed 13 polymorphic microsatellite markers, of which we used 11 to characterize the diversity in the same 105 specimens. Our results suggest that there have been two independent introduction events from Australia, which is assumed to be the origin, to distinct parts of the adventive range. The first introduction was into the United States, from where it appears to have spread to South America and eventually to South Africa. This finding highlights the threat of bridgehead populations to accelerate pest invasions in Eucalyptus, even if those populations are on widespread non-commercial populations of Eucalyptus (as in California). A second introduction appears to have occurred on the islands of Mauritius and La Réunion and provides another example of the establishment of independent lineages of invasive global insect pests. This complex invasion pattern mirrors that found in other Eucalyptus pests.

Review of A brief history of the United States.

1919 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

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