Design of a roll crusher for sunflower stems and substantiation of the rational modes of its operation

This paper reports a study of the technological process of grinding plant residues of sunflower and the causal relationships of factors that form the system of quality indicators. The necessary prerequisites for determining rational modes and parameters of the roll crusher have been devised. A prototype of the roll crusher was designed and fabricated, in which the cutting knives are arranged along the entire width of the grip in a staggered manner, with the possibility to change the angle of inclination to the axis of drum rotation in the range of 5...20°. It was established that in the case of the right-side arrangement of the cutting edge of knives, the highest total level of the percentage of crushed stems in the range of 101‒150 mm with an additional load weighing 800 kg exceeded by 1.58 times the corresponding indicators of the roll with an additional load of 600 kg. The largest overall value of the percentage of crushed stems in the range of 0‒200 mm when additionally loading the roll with 800 kg was 1.13 times higher than the corresponding indicators of the roll with an additional load of 600 kg. In the range of 0‒200 mm, with an additional load on the roll of 600 kg, at the left-side arrangement of the cutting edge of the knives of the roll, higher total percentage of crushed stems was observed compared to the right-side arrangement. At a speed of 7.45 km/h, 13.6 km/h, the cumulative value of the percentage of crushed stems exceeded the corresponding indicators at the right-side arrangement of knives by 1.09 times, at the speed of 18.6 km/h – by 1.04 times, at the speed of 22 km/h – by 1.04 times, respectively. It has been noted that at the left-side arrangement of the cutting edge of the knives of the roll, the percentage of crushed stems in the range of 51‒100 mm, with an additional load of 600 kg, exceeded the corresponding indicators with an additional load of 800 kg. At the speed of 10.08 km/h, it was exceeded by 1.9 times; at the speed of 13.6 km/h – by 1.44 times; at the speed of 18.6 km/h – by 1.96 times; at the speed of 22 km/h – by 1.99 times, respectively

Estimation of soil temperature by Harmonic analysis

Soil temperatures recorded at 5.10 and 20 cm depth at Anand station of Gujarat state for the period of 1982-93 were analyzed by harmonic analysis and tested it for the year 1998. The amplitude of the soil temperature wave for the various depths decreases from a maximum of 5.76° C in the first harmonic to 0.96°C in the third harmonic. First, second and third harmonic explained 55 to 76 percent, 18 to 37 percent and 2 to 4 percent of the total variance, respectively. Total percentage of total variance covered by the three harmonics at different depths are in the range of 95 to 97 percentage for the period of 1982-93 normalized data series which shows the applicability of harmonic analysis in describing soil temperatures. The weekly observed and computed soil temperatures by harmonic analysis were in agreement and their differences were non significant by Chi-Square test.

Learning Strategies Preference of Iraqi EFL Learners

The current study aims at investigating Iraqi EFL learners’ knowledge and preference of language learning strategies. Data are collected using two self-reported questionnaires; a background questionnaire and the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL, Oxford, 1990) with some modifications to meet the needs of this study. The following questions are asked: 1-Are students aware of the concept of LLS? 2- If yes, how much they know about it? 3- What are the kinds of LLS they employed in their learning? 4- What are their preferred strategies? The questionnaires are submitted to a total sample that consists of 77 students. The results show that 80.5% of the students have no knowledge whatsoever about LLS. The rest of them (19.5%) shows confused and mixed information. Moreover, the metacognitive strategies are the most often used strategies with the highest “often” percentage of 53.1%. Next is the cognitive and memory strategies of 43.2% & 40.2 percentages respectively. These highest rates show the most preferred strategies used by the students in our department. As for the frequency of use, the metacognitive strategies are still the preferred and most frequently used with a total percentage of 92.6%. Memory strategies hold the second position with a total percentage of 90%. The rest shows the same range of frequency except the effective strategies that fall behind by approximately 10% to 15% less than the rest.

Spatial change detections and inventory of wetlands in Yenagoa Urban Area: Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Yenegoa Town has in recent years witnessed rapid City growth and Urban development and much of these developments are unplanned and unregulated. This has seriously impacted on wetlands in several locations of the town as persistent Wetlands reclamations are being witnessed in study area. This prompted the need for the study which is aimed to map wetlands location in Yenagoa’s urban area using GIS and Remote Sensing approach. The study analyzes land use/land cover changes (LULC) using LANDSAT(5) TM, LANDSAT(5) ETM and LANDSAT(7) OLI satellite imageries of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 respectively. Through this study, the pattern of urban expansion for Thirty years were been studied. The satellite imageries covering the area were acquired and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.1 and ENVI 5.0 software. The supervised image classification method was adopted and the classification results were validated using the Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) yielding an accuracy of 0.69m for year 1990, 0.62m for year 2000, 0.58m for year 2010 and 0.73m for 2020. A total area of 13,741.4 hectares was delineated in the study area which is identified as Yenagoa’s urban area. After processing the imageries, four land use/land cover (LULC) classes where considered, and the results shows that Built-up area continuously increased in land area from 1990 -2020 with total percentage change of 273.31% (4,178.7ha) and total annual rate of change of 25.33. Vegetation have total percentage change of 38.55% (974.34Ha) and total annual rate of change of 3.85, wetland cover loss with total percentage Change of 61.96% (-51,44.99ha) and total annual rate of change of -6.19ha, and the water body have loss of total percentage of -2.16% (-8.05Ha) and total annual rate of change of -0.22ha wetland at Yenegwe loss by Total %change of -29.918% ( -197.95ha), and wetland at Igbogene loss by total percentage change of -36.028% (-358.7ha). The research findings also revealed that the wetlands in Anyama, Swali, Kpansia and Opolo Towns were completely lost from the third Epoch of 2010, this may be as a result of persistence reclamation of wetland in this parts of the study area. The Markov Chain predicted model were utilized for predicting the likely changes in land use land cover for a period of thirty years. The predicted results also indicates that wetland size of 32.47,%, 30.68% and 28.99% may likely be lost by the year 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively in study area if no action is taking by concerned authorities to forestall the factors responsible for the lost in wetland. The study justified the dynamics of remote sensing and GIS techniques in modeling wetlands changees over these periods, wise use of wetland resources and improvement of institutional arrangement were recommended so that wetland policies can be fully integrated into the planning process across all disciplines.

P-EGS01 Cholecystectomy after gall stone pancreatitis

Background According to the UK guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis commissioned by the British Society of Gastroenterology, All patients presenting with gallstone pancreatitis should be considered for cholecystectomy when they are well enough to undergo surgery. In cases of mild biliary pancreatitis, cholecystectomy should ideally be performed during the index admission or within 2 weeks of discharge as interval cholecystectomy is associated with a significant risk of readmission for recurrent biliary events. In cases of severe gallstone pancreatitis, cholecystectomy may need to be delayed until collections have improved, unless the patient is well enough for surgery and the gallbladder is some distance from the collection Methods Methods Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria Results 80 patients were collected during the study period, 96 % of them were classified as mild pancreatitis Cholecystectomy rate Total percentage of cholecystectomies performed for mild gall stone pancreatitis during index admission or within 2 weeks from discharge : 37% Percentage of early cholecystectomies for eligible patients (i.e.after ruling out unfit patients, patients declining treatment, previous cholecystectomy..etc) : 54% Re-admission rate Re-admission rate for early cholecystectomy patients : 7.4% Re-admission rate for delayed cholecystectomy patients : 20.7% Conclusions

Substitusi Tepung Kacang Tunggak (Vigna Unguiculata L.Walp) Pada Produk Cookies

In this time one of the main ingredients for cookies is wheat flour. To decrease the dependency of wheat flour, it needs to substitute with one of the local ingredient, that is cowpeas. One of the way to improve the use of cowpeas is by changing it into flour so that it is more flexible to use. The goals of this research are to know the level of community preference and to know the content of moisture, protein, and calcium for the cowpea substitution cookies. This research is held in Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Semarang. The design experiment that is used for this research is Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design which is classified in True Experimental Design. The data collection method uses subjective assessment to test product cookies and packaging labels, while the thermogravimetric method for water content, the kjeldahl method for protein and the AAS method for calcium content. The method of data analysis on the preference test used percentage descriptive analysis and laboratory tests used chemical analysis. The results of the analysis for the level of preference show that sample A substitution of the cowpea 30% are very liked by the community with an average total percentage of 84.31%. The results of the content test showed that the more cowpea flour substitutions the lower the water content and the increased protein and calcium content.Keywords: Cowpea cookies, cookies.Abstrak. Selama ini salah satu bahan utama dalam pembuatan cookies adalah tepung terigu. Untuk mengurangi ketergantungan tepung terigu, maka cookies perlu disubstitusi dengan memanfaatkan pangan lokal yaitu kacang tunggak. Untuk meningkatkan manfaat kacang tunggak salah satunya dengan mengubahnya menjadi tepung dengan tujuan lebih fleksibel dalam penggunaanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan masyarakat pada produk cookies substitusi tepung kacang tunggak dan untuk mengetahui kandungan kadar air, protein dan kalsium pada produk cookies substitusi tepung kacang tunggak. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Semarang. Pada desain eksperimen dalam penelitian ini, yang digunakan Pretest-Posttest Control Grup Design yang tergolong True Eksperimental Design. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan penilaian subjektif untuk uji kesukaan produk cookies dan label kemasan, sedangkan penilaian objektif dilakukan uji laboratorium dengan metode thermogravimetri pada kandungan kadar air, metode kjeldahl pada kandungan protein dan metode AAS pada kandungan kalsium. Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif prosentase untuk tingkat kesukaan, dan analisis secara kimiawi. Hasil analisis tingkat kesukaan produk menunjukkan bahwa sampel A substitusi tepung kacang tunggak 30% sangat disukai oleh masyarakat dengan rerata prosentase total 84.31%. Hasil uji kandungan menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak substitusi tepung kacang tunggaknya maka samakin menurun pada kandungan kadar airnya dan semakin meningkat pada kandungan protein dan kalsiumnya.Kata Kunci: Cookies kacang tunggak, cookies.

Influence of macrophage polarization on the effectiveness of surgical therapy of peri-implantitis

Purpose To evaluate the influence of macrophage expression and polarization on the effectiveness of surgical therapy of peri-implantitis over a 6 month follow-up. Methods A total of fourteen patients (n = 14 implants) diagnosed with peri-implantitis underwent access flap surgery, granulation tissue removal, implantoplasty, and augmentation at intra-bony components using a natural derived bone mineral and application of a native collagen membrane during a standardized surgical procedure. Granulation tissue biopsies were prepared for immunohistochemical characterization and macrophage polarization assessment. M1 and M2 phenotype expression was identified and quantified through immunohistochemical markers and histomorphometrical analyses. Clinical evaluation and data collection were performed initially and after a healing period of 6 months. Statistical analyses were performed to associate infiltrated area, macrophage, and M1/M2 phenotype influence on peri-implant tissue healing parameters after a 6-month follow-up. Results Mean infiltrated compartment (ICT) values occupied a total percentage of 70.3% ± 13.0 in the analyzed granulation tissue biopsies. Macrophages occupied a mean area of 15.3% ± 7.0. M1 and M2 phenotypes were present in 7.1 ± 4.1% and 5.5 ± 3.7%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between M1 and M2% expression (p = 0.16). The mean M1/ M2 ratio amounted to 1.5 ± 0.8. Surgical therapy was associated with statistically significant reductions in mean bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and suppuration (SUPP) scores at 6 months (p < 0.05). Linear regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between macrophage expression (CD68%) and changes in PD scores and M1 (%) expression and changes in mucosal recession (MR) scores at 6 months. Conclusions The present data suggest that macrophages might influence peri-implant tissue healing mechanisms following surgical therapy of peri-implantitis over a short-term period. Particularly, changes in PD and MR scores were statistically significantly associated with macrophage expression and phenotype. Graphical Abstract

136. Attitudes and Practices of Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship at the Uganda Cancer Institute

Background As access to cancer treatment has increased in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA), infection-related complications are a growing concern. Little is known about infection management practices in this setting. Understanding the unique challenges to diagnosing and treating infections can inform the development of targeted strategies to improve infection management for cancer treatment programs throughout sSA. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of doctors, nurses, and pharmacists at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI), a national cancer referral hospital in Kampala, Uganda. The 25-item survey was designed to assess staff knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship, investigate antibiotic decision-making practices, and identify barriers to diagnosing and treating infections. Results Of the 61 respondents, 25 (41%) were doctors, 7 (11%) were pharmacists, and 29 (48%) were nurses. In total, 98% (60/61) had heard of the term “antimicrobial resistance” and 84% (51/61) agreed that antimicrobial resistance is an important problem at UCI. Multiple factors were felt to contribute to antimicrobial resistance including the use of too many antibiotics, patient insistence on antibiotics, and poor patient adherence (Fig 1). While 72% (44/61) had heard of the term “antimicrobial stewardship”, only 25% (15/61) knew a lot about what it meant. Numerous factors were considered important to antibiotic decision-making including patient white blood cell count and severity of illness (Fig 2). Perceived barriers to infection diagnosis included the inability to obtain blood cultures and to regularly measure patient temperatures; perceived barriers to obtaining blood cultures included patient cost and availability of supplies (Fig 3). Figure 1. Factors that doctors, pharmacists, and nurses working at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) perceive as contributing to antimicrobial resistance at the UCI. Percentages shown next to bars represent the combined total percentage of respondents reporting that the factor does not or usually does not contribute (left of bars, main chart), occasionally or frequently contributes (right of bars, main chart), or neither contributes nor does not contribute (right of neutral chart). Figure 2. Factors that doctors, pharmacists, and nurses working at the Uganda Cancer Institute consider to be important when choosing antibiotics to treat infections. Percentages shown next to bars represent the combined total percentage of respondents reporting that the factor is somewhat or very unimportant (left of bars, main chart), somewhat or very important (right of bars, main chart), or neither important nor unimportant (right of neutral chart). Figure 3. Factors that doctors, pharmacists, and nurses working at the Uganda Cancer Institute perceive as limiting the ability to diagnose infections and obtain blood cultures. Conclusion While most staff recognized the term “antimicrobial resistance” and identified this as a major local problem, fewer were familiar with the term “antimicrobial stewardship”. We identified numerous perceived barriers to infection diagnosis and treatment, including the ability to consistently measure temperatures and the cost of blood cultures. A multipronged approach is needed to improve staff knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship and to address the systematic barriers to infection management at UCI. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Android Pada Materi Laju Reaksi

This study aims to see whether the learning outcomes of students who are taught with Android-based chemistry learning media are higher than the KKM scores, determine the feasibility of Android-based chemistry learning media developed based on BSNP standards and determine student responses to ChamRaAte media. The media feasibility data and student responses were analyzed descriptively, while the learning outcome data were statistically analyzed with the left side t test. Based on the results of data analysis, the Android-based chemistry learning media developed met the BSNP eligibility standards with an average feasibility of 3.8 with very valid criteria and did not need to be revised. The results of student responses to ChamRaAte media obtained a total percentage of 98%, which means that students received and responded to the media very well. The results of the t test using SPSS 25 obtained sig (2-tailed)> 0.05 (0.142> 0.05) and - t table <t count (-1.729 <1.531), which means that the learning outcomes of students who are taught with Android-based chemistry learning media are higher than KKM value.

Screening of biological activity of phytopreparations based on secondary metabolites of plants on the culture of Phaseolus vulgaris

Relevance. Currently, the use of secondary plant-orgin metabolites with high biological activity is becoming an important part of a comprehensive plant protection program. The mechanism of their action is aimed at activating molecular biological and physiological systems that increase the ability of the plant organism to withstand the adverse effects of biotic and abiotic nature. The purpose of these studies is to screen the selectivity of the physiological activity of phytoregulators in relation to different varieties of vegetable beans.Methodology. Plants of two mid-ripening varieties of vegetable beans were twice sprayed with solutions of plant biological products of different chemical composition, isolated from 12 plant species of different families. Control – treatment with water, standards - solutions of Pharmayod and Fitolavin. During the growing season, an analysis of the development of diseases of various etiologies on seed crops was carried out. Seed productivity of plants was taken into account after harvesting and threshing the beans, the sowing qualities of the obtained seeds were studied in accordance with the relevant recommendations and GOST 12042-80, and the biological effectiveness (BE) of the action of phytopreparations was calculated.Results. Two-fold treatment of beans with most of the tested preparations reduced the total percentage of affected plants by more than 25%. The protective effect of the studied glycosides differed significantly depending on their chemical structure, disease etiology and cultivar responsiveness. Among them, there are preparations based on steroidal glycosides - Moldstim and Mestim, which have the most pronounced immunomodulatory effect on the resistance of vegetable beans to phytopathogens. Treatment with Mestim in the selected concentration led to a decrease in seed productivity of plants. Other phytopreparations showed a neutral or stimulating effect on this trait, increasing the proportion of germinating seeds in the yield structure by 3-26% relative to control. The certain varietal specificity has been identified by the total effectiveness of the action. Irioid glycosides from Linaria genistifolia and the sum of iridoids and flavonoids from Linaria vulgaris showed the greatest activity on the responsive cultivar Lika. On the SiBemol variety, there is Moldstim, a steroidal glycoside of the furostanol series, isolated from Capsicum annuum. Their biological effectiveness was higher than that of Fitolavin and Pharmayod standards.