Probing of nonlinear impairments in long range optical transmission systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farman Ali ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel ◽  
Asar Ali ◽  
Wajid Shah ◽  
Muhammad Salman Qamar ◽  
...  

Abstract Optical communication systems represent the backbone of modern long-haul communication networks. Nonlinear impairments such as the Kerr effect pose threat and deteriorate transmission in long-haul optical communication systems. At high launch powers, nonlinear effects become more important and their compensation is entailed to improve the transmission performance. In this paper, one of the major nonlinear effects of four waves mixing (FWM) is addressed using a theoretical model and validated through simulation in Optisystem. Two mechanisms with and without dispersion variation are investigated. The impact of FWM is investigated in terms of various values of launch power. The transmission performances of the proposed model are evaluated on the basis of bit error rate, optical signal to noise ratio, and quality factor using key parameters of effective area, nonlinear refractive index, nonlinear dispersion, and linear dispersion.

Author(s):  
В.Л. Мартынов ◽  
В.И. Дорошенко ◽  
Н.М. Божук ◽  
Ю.Г. Ксенофонтов

Решению вопросов, связанных с телекоммуникационным оборудованием, функционирующем в водной среде, в настоящее время уделяется особое внимание. На смену традиционным подводным системам обмена информацией в гидроакустических полях приходят открытые системы её оптической передачи и приёма, базирующиеся на лазерных технологиях. Это вызвано необходимостью трансляции с высокой разрешающей способностью видеоданных, среди которых, например, может быть либо визуальное отображение подводных систем в динамике, либо результаты мониторинга объектов подводной инфраструктуры в реальном масштабе времени, либо что-то другое с учётом требований Заказчика. Канал передачи такого большого объёма информации при условии ее считывания с задаваемым качеством должен иметь пропускную способность более 1 Мбит/с. Такую высокую скорость передачи невозможно реализовать в подводных гидроакустических системах, граница технических возможностей которых на превышает 10...50 кбит/с. В аналогичной ситуации при заданных параметрах канала связи частоты несущих оптического диапазона имеют порядок 1014 Гц, что обеспечивает динамический диапазон полосы пропускания в районе 1012…1013 Гц. С учётом условия квазимонохроматичности применение гидроакустических средств для передачи видеоданных становится проблематичным, так как техническая реализация такой задачи потребует слишком большого времени. С учётом сказанного, преимуществом подводных беспроводных оптических систем связи является их высокая широкополосность, которая обеспечит высокую скорость передачи данных. В статье обосновывается целесообразность использования открытых оптических системы связи для создания высокоскоростных подводных инфотелекоммуникаций, среди которых наиболее предпочтительными являются лазерные системы. Special attention is currently paid to the solution of issues related to telecommunication equipment operating in the aquatic environment. The traditional underwater systems for the exchange of information in hydroacoustic fields are being replaced by open systems for its optical transmission and reception, based on laser technologies.This is due to the need to broadcast high-resolution video data, among which, for example, there can be either a visual display of underwater systems in dynamics, or the results of monitoring objects of underwater infrastructure in real time, or something else, taking into account the requirements of the Customer. The transmission channel of such a large amount of information, provided it is read with a specified quality, must have a bandwidth of more than 1 Mbit / s. Such a high transmission rate cannot be realized in underwater sonar systems, the technical capabilities limit of which does not exceed 10 ... 50 kbit/s. In a similar situation, given the parameters of the communication channel, the carrier frequencies of the optical range are 1014 Hz, which provides a dynamic bandwidth range about 1012…1013Hz. Taking into account the condition of quasimonochromaticity, the use of hydroacoustic means for transmitting video data becomes problematic, since the technical implementation of such a task will take too long. In view of the above, the advantage of underwater wireless optical communication systems is their high broadband, which will provide a high data transfer rate. The article substantiates the expediency of using open optical communication systems for creating high-speed underwater information telecommunications, among which the most preferable are laser systems.


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Diana Mahad ◽  
Abu Sahmah M. Supa’at ◽  
Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus ◽  
David Forsyth

Penguat optik separuh–pengalir (SOA) adalah sebuah peranti optik yang sentiasa meningkat penggunaannya di dalam rangkaian perhubungan optik. SOA yang berdasarkan subsistem telah terbukti kebolehannya dalam pelaksanaan SOA di dalam banyak penggunaan praktikal dan fungsi. Di dalam kertas kerja ini, kefungsian SOA yang berdasarkan sambutan lelurus dan ketidak–lelurusan telah dikaji. Penggunaan asas SOA di dalam sistem perhubungan optik telah dibincangkan: pascapenguat (atau penguat penggalak), penguat sebaris and prapenguat. Selain itu, pelbagai skim penukaran panjang gelombang telah ditinjau berdasarkan SOA ketidaklelurusan seperti pemodulatan gandaan–silang (XGM), pemodulatan fasa–silang (XPM) dan pencampuran empat–gelombang (FWM). Selain penukaran panjang gelombang dan penguatan, SOA juga boleh digunakan sebagai komponen di dalam pensuisan optik, penggetan dan sistem “hirisan–spektrumž. Oleh kerana itu, SOA telah menyediakan pelbagai penyelesaian yang cekap dan kos–berkesan bagi menjanakan kepentingan terkini dalam pelbagai penggunaan sistem perhubungan optik di masa depan. Kata kunci: Penguat optik separa–pengalir; amplifications; wavelength conversion; switching; spectrum–sliced The Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) is a photonic device which is increasingly being utilized in many modern state–of–the–art optical communication networks. The SOA provides numerous highly efficient and cost–effective solutions to many network problems, and therefore generates great new interest for a wide variety of applications in future all optical communication systems. SOA based subsystems have been proven to have the capability of implementing the SOA into many practical applications and functions. In this paper, the functionalities of the SOA, based on linear and non-linear responses, are reviewed. The basic applications of SOAs in optical communication systems are also discussed: as post–amplifier (or booster amplifier), in–line amplifier and as preamplifier. In addition, various wavelength conversion schemes based on the inherent nonlinearities of the SOA are reviewed: cross gain modulation (XGM), cross phase modulation (XPM) and four–wave mixing (FWM). Besides wavelength conversion and amplification, SOAs can also be used for future applications such as optical switching, gating and “spectrum–sliced” systems; and these are also reviewed. Key words: Semiconductor optical amplifier; amplifications; wavelength conversion; switching; spectrum–sliced


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