Is there a relationship between fetal brain function and the fetal behavioral state? A fetal MEG-study

2013 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Kiefer-Schmidt ◽  
Julia Raufer ◽  
Johanna Brändle ◽  
Jana Münßinger ◽  
Harald Abele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Behavioral State

The assessment of fetal brain function in fetuses with ventrikulomegaly: the role of the KANET test

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1267-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Talic ◽  
Asim Kurjak ◽  
Milan Stanojevic ◽  
Ulrich Honemeyer ◽  
Ahmed Badreldeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Fetal Brain

The effect of methadone on fetal brain function

1976 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon I. Mann ◽  
Amrutha Bhakthavathsalan ◽  
Maida Liu ◽  
Philip Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Fetal Brain

scholarly journals HDlive and 4D Ultrasound in the Assessment of Fetal Facial Expressions

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Surface Rendering ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pain Distress

ABSTRACT Four-dimensional (4D) sonographic assessment of fetal facial expressions is considered to reflect normal and abnormal fetal neurological developments, and may be an important clue to predict the fetal brain function and well-being before and after birth. HDlive is a new surface-rendering mode, which uses an adjustable light source that facilitates the ability to create lighting and shadowing effects, thereby increasing depth perception. This technique facilitates extraordinarily realistic imaging of the fetal face, making it almost impossible to differentiate between actual photographs and HDlive images. In this article, we discuss recent topics regarding fetal facial expressions assessed by 4D ultrasound and HDlive, focusing on mouthing, sucking, yawning, blinking, tongue expulsion, scowling (pain/distress), and smiling. Moreover, we consider possibility of the existence of fetal emotion or awareness. How to cite this article Hata T, Kanenishi K, Hanaoka U, Marumo G. HDlive and 4D Ultrasound in the Assessment of Fetal Facial Expressions. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(1):44-50.

scholarly journals Influence of maternal hyperthyroidism in the rat on the expression of neuronal and astrocytic cytoskeletal proteins in fetal brain

2002 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Evans ◽  
MR Pickard ◽  
AK Sinha ◽  
AJ Leonard ◽  
DC Sampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Osmotic Pumps

Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy impairs brain function in human and rat offspring, but little is known regarding the influence of maternal hyperthyroidism on neurodevelopment. We have previously shown that the expression of neuronal and glial differentiation markers in fetal brain is compromised in hypothyroid rat dam pregnancies and have now therefore extended this investigation to hyperthyroid rat dams. Study groups comprised partially thyroidectomised dams, implanted with osmotic pumps infusing either vehicle (TX dams) or a supraphysiological dose of thyroxine (T4) (HYPER dams), and euthyroid dams infused with vehicle (N dams). Cytoskeletal protein abundance was determined in fetal brain at 21 days of gestation by immunoblot analysis. Relative to N dams, circulating total T4 levels were reduced to around one-third in TX dams but were doubled in HYPER dams. Fetal brain weight was increased in HYPER dams, whereas litter size and fetal body weight were reduced in TX dams. Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was similar in HYPER and TX dams, being reduced in both cases relative to N dams. alpha-Internexin (INX) abundance was reduced in HYPER dams and increased in TX dams, whereas neurofilament 68 (NF68) exhibited increased abundance in HYPER dams. Furthermore, INX was inversely related to - and NF68 directly related to - maternal serum total T4 levels, independently of fetal brain weight. In conclusion, maternal hyperthyroidism compromises the expression of neuronal cytoskeletal proteins in late fetal brain, suggestive of a pattern of accelerated neuronal differentiation.

Simplified ultrasound screening for fetal brain function based on behavioral pattern

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Morokuma ◽  
Kotaro Fukushima ◽  
Yasuo Yumoto ◽  
Mio Uchimura ◽  
Arisa Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Ultrasound Screening

scholarly journals Cardiovascular, metabolic and fetal brain function observation following total cord occlusion

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Künzel ◽  
Leon I. Mann ◽  
Amrutha Bhakthavathsalan ◽  
Jahagir Airomlooi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Fetal Brain

scholarly journals Fetal Neuroprotective Strategies: Therapeutic Agents and Their Underlying Synaptic Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada A. Elsayed ◽  
Theresa M. Boyer ◽  
Irina Burd
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Glutamate Excitotoxicity ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Preterm Neonates

Synaptic signaling is integral for proper brain function. During fetal development, exposure to inflammation or mild hypoxic-ischemic insult may lead to synaptic changes and neurological damage that impairs future brain function. Preterm neonates are most susceptible to these deleterious outcomes. Evaluating clinically used and novel fetal neuroprotective measures is essential for expanding treatment options to mitigate the short and long-term consequences of fetal brain injury. Magnesium sulfate is a clinical fetal neuroprotective agent utilized in cases of imminent preterm birth. By blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, magnesium sulfate reduces glutamatergic signaling, which alters calcium influx, leading to a decrease in excitotoxicity. Emerging evidence suggests that melatonin and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) may also serve as novel putative fetal neuroprotective candidates. Melatonin has important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and is a known mediator of synaptic plasticity and neuronal generation. While NAC acts as an antioxidant and a precursor to glutathione, it also modulates the glutamate system. Glutamate excitotoxicity and dysregulation can induce perinatal preterm brain injury through damage to maturing oligodendrocytes and neurons. The improved drug efficacy and delivery of the dendrimer-bound NAC conjugate provides an opportunity for enhanced pharmacological intervention. Here, we review recent literature on the synaptic pathways underlying these therapeutic strategies, discuss the current gaps in knowledge, and propose future directions for the field of fetal neuroprotective agents.

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