Pregnancy outcomes with differences in grain consumption: a randomized controlled trial

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamella Yamada ◽  
Alexandra Paetow ◽  
Michael Chan ◽  
Alan Arslan ◽  
Rikard Landberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

Abstract Objectives Contemporary obstetrics has begun to appreciate the importance of diet in pregnancy, but guidelines are not based on robust data. The hypothesis that a whole grains diet improves pregnancy outcomes is tested in this study. We compared maternal and neonatal outcomes for a pregnancy diet containing 75% of total carbohydrates as refined grains with outcomes for a diet with 75% of total carbohydrates as whole grains. Methods This was a randomized interventional study in a clinic population over the last 4–7 months of normal pregnancy with extensive compliance measures. Besides obstetrical and neonatal outcomes, anthropometric measurements were done. In addition to food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), total plasma alkyl resorcinols, a unique quantitative measure of whole grains, were used as a measure of whole grain consumption. Results The data show effective compliance and no difference in outcomes between the diets with regard to maternal weight gain, birth weights, subcutaneous fat and glucose tolerance. Conclusions Ensuring compliance to a proper pregnancy diet resulted in satisfactory weight gain and normal outcomes even when the proportion of whole grains consumed is only 25% of total carbohydrates. www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03232762, Effects of Diet on Pregnancy Outcome and Child Obesity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of food insecurity in pregnant women and its association with gestational weight gain pattern, neonatal birth weight, and pregnancy complications in Hamadan County, Iran, in 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Kazemi ◽  
Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi ◽  
Arezoo Shayan ◽  
Seyedeh Zahra Shahidi Yasaghi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background The results of some studies have indicated the association between food insecurity and certain adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity in pregnant women and its association with pregnancy outcomes and complications. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 772 mothers who visited comprehensive health service centers during the first 10 days after delivery in 2018. The tools included the demographic and midwifery information questionnaire and an 18-item questionnaire devised by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results 67.5% of pregnant women had food insecurity. The multivariate analysis showed that birth weight decreased with the increase in the severity of food insecurity, but the reduction was not statistically significant. Based on the results, food insecurity had no statistically significant impact on the mothers’ weight gain pattern (p = 0.13). The risk of hypertension/preeclampsia and anemia was not related to food insecurity. Compared with the food-secure group, the probability of gestational diabetes was 56% lower in the food-insecure group without hunger and 61% lower in the food-insecure group with moderate hunger; however, in the food-insecure group with severe hunger, this probability was 1.5 times more than the food-secure group, which is not statistically significant. Conclusions The prevalence of food insecurity was high in pregnant women. Maternal weight gains during pregnancy and birth weight (despite being statistically insignificant) were affected by this condition; therefore, it is necessary to identify women with food insecurity on their first pregnancy visit; it is also crucial to take steps towards improving their health through allocating a family food basket and nutritional support for these women at least during pregnancy. Due to the limited sample size and inability to control the potential confounders, the association between food insecurity during pregnancy and the incidence of pregnancy complications could not be reached, hence the need for more studies.

scholarly journals Dietary Intervention in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes; Protocol for the DiGest Randomised Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Laura C. Kusinski ◽  
Helen R. Murphy ◽  
Emanuella De Lucia Rolfe ◽  
Kirsten L. Rennie ◽  
Linda M. Oude Griep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Double Blind

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) annually affects 35,000 pregnancies in the United Kingdom, causing suboptimal health outcomes to the mother and child. Obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are risk factors for GDM. The Institute of Medicine recommends weight targets for women that are overweight and obese, however, there are no clear guidelines for women with GDM. Observational data suggest that modest weight loss (0.6–2 kg) after 28 weeks may reduce risk of caesarean section, large-for-gestational-age (LGA), and maternal postnatal glycaemia. This protocol for a multicentre randomised double-blind controlled trial aims to identify if a fully controlled reduced energy diet in GDM pregnancy improves infant birthweight and reduces maternal weight gain (primary outcomes). A total of 500 women with GDM (National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2015 criteria) and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 will be randomised to receive a standard (2000 kcal/day) or reduced energy (1200 kcal/day) diet box containing all meals and snacks from 28 weeks to delivery. Women and caregivers will be blinded to the allocations. Food diaries, continuous glucose monitoring, and anthropometry will measure dietary compliance, glucose levels, and weight changes. Women will receive standard antenatal GDM management (insulin/metformin) according to NICE guidelines. The secondary endpoints include caesarean section rates, LGA, and maternal postnatal glucose concentrations.

Abstract 3519: Modest Fat Gain Causes Endothelial Dysfunction In Lean Healthy Humans: A Randomized Blinded Controlled Trial

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Romero Corral ◽  
Justo Sierra-Johnson ◽  
Marek Orban ◽  
Apoor S Gami ◽  
Fatima H Sert Kuniyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation

Background: Endothelial dysfunction assessed by flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery has been identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. However, whether weight gain impairs endothelial function is unknown. Methods: A randomized blinded controlled-trial to assess the effects of weight gain on endothelial function. After a weight maintenance period supervised by an experience dietitian, volunteers were randomized to gain weight (4 kg) or maintain weight. We recruited lean (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ) healthy volunteers (no diseases, medications and non-smokers) from the community. Using ultrasound, endothelial function was measured by FMD and non-flow mediated dilation (NFMD) of the brachial artery in the early morning (6:30 a.m.). Endothelial function was measured at baseline, after fat gain at 8 weeks and after weight loss at 16 weeks for fat-gainers and at baseline and follow-up (8 weeks) for weight maintainers. Body composition techniques to measure body fat %, such as dual x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal CT scans were performed. Results: We recruited 35 fat-gainers and 8 weight maintainers. Mean age was 29 ± 6 years and 18 (42 %) were women. There were no differences in age, anthropometric and body composition measurements, blood pressure, heart rate or apnea hypopnea index at baseline between both groups. After an average gain of 4 kg, the fat-gainer group significantly increased their total, visceral and subcutaneous fat. Brachial artery FMD and NFMD remained unchanged in weight maintainers. However, it decreaed in fat-gainers (FMD=9.1 ± 3 vs. 7.6 ± 3.2, p=0.003 and NFMD=12.0 ± 4.9 vs. 10.1 ± 6.0, p=0.01), but recovered to baseline after subjects shed the gained weight (basleline vs. recovery: FMD=9.1 ± 3 vs. 9.0 ± 3, p=NS and NFMD =12.0 ± 4.9 vs.12.6 ± 5.0, p=NS). Visceral fat gain, but not subcutaneous fat gain was significantly correlated with the decrease in brachial artery FMD (rho =−0.42, p=0.004 and rho =−0.22, p=0.15, respectively). Conclusions: In lean healthy young subjects, modest weight gain results in impaired endothelial function, even in the absence of changes in blood pressure. Endothelial funcion recovers after weight loss. Viscerar rather than subcutaneous fat predicts endothelial dysfunction.

Maternal Weight Gain and Neonatal Outcomes in Women With Class III Obesity [29C]

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 39S-39S
Author(s):  
Emily S. Reiff ◽  
Lamani Adkins ◽  
Ann Robin Tucker ◽  
Luke Gatta ◽  
Haywood L. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Class Iii Obesity

Interaction of Maternal and Neonatal Obesity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
John N. Udall ◽  
Gail G. Harrison ◽  
Yvonne Vaucher ◽  
Philip D. Walson ◽  
Grant Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Maternal weight and height before pregnancy and weight gain during pregnancy were recorded for each of 109 mothers who were delivered of normal infants after gestations of 37 to 43 weeks. Infant parameters obtained included gestational age, birth weight, bilateral mid-arm circumference, and eight skin fold thickness measurements. The eight skin fold thicknesses were summed (SSFT) for each infant. Infants with SSFTs greater than 40 mm (N = 8) for the group were classified as "fatter" infants. All of the fatter infants were large for gestational age (LGA), but accounted for only one third of the LGA infants in the study. Birth weight, length, and cross-sectional mid-arm fat area were significantly increased in the fatter LGA group when compared to other LGA infants. Cross-sectional mid-arm muscle area was not significantly different for the fatter LGA infants compared to the other LGA group. Mothers were defined as obese or nonobese according to pregnant weight for height. Obese mothers had infants with significantly increased SSFTs when compared with infants of nonobese mothers. Multiple regression analysis showed that both prepregnant weight for height and weight gain during pregnancy were associated with increased subcutaneous fat in the neonate. Weight gain during pregnancy was associated with increased neonatal fatness and length, while prepregnant weight for height was associated with neonatal fatness independent of neonatal length.

scholarly journals Study Protocol effectiveness of a nutritional intervention based on encouraging the consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods and the practice of physical activities for appropriate weight gain in overweight, adult, pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Saes Sartorelli ◽  
Lívia Castro Crivellenti ◽  
Marina Garcia Manochio-Pina ◽  
Naiara Franco Baroni ◽  
Mariana Rinaldi Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Neonatal Adiposity

Abstract Background Evidence from observational studies suggests that a greater intake of ultra-processed foods during pregnancy is associated with a higher chance of obesity, increased gestational weight gain, and neonatal adiposity. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention based on encouraging the consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods and the practice of physical activities for appropriate weight gain in overweight, adult, pregnant women. Additionally, the effect of the intervention on pregnancy outcomes, neonatal adiposity, and the child’s weight and height will be investigated. Methods This is a two-armed parallel randomized controlled trial that will be conducted at primary health units in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Adult pregnant women who are overweight and receiving prenatal care in the public health system will be included. The women will be randomly allocated into control (standard care) or intervention groups. Those enrolled in the intervention group will participate in three individualized nutritional counselling sessions based on encouraging the consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods and the practice of physical activities. The recruitment of the participants will be carried out at seven health facilities over 12 months, with a sample of 300 women expected. Maternal anthropometric, sociodemographic, blood pressure, biochemical, and lifestyle data will be obtained at baseline (up to the 16th week of gestation), and during a second assessment (34th to 36th gestational week). The neonate body composition will be estimated after birth, and data on pregnancy outcomes, weight and height of children at 6, 12 and 24 months of age will be further obtained from medical records. Discussion This will be the first randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention based on encouraging the consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods and the practice of physical activities for appropriate weight gain in adult, overweight, pregnant women. Furthermore, the effect of the intervention on pregnancy outcomes, neonatal adiposity and the child’s weight and height will be evaluated. Trial registration Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (Rebec) RBR-2w9bhc July 30th 2018 (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/?q=RBR-2w9bhc+), and RBR-7yx36h June 4th 2019 (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/?q=RBR-7yx36h+0.

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