scholarly journals Areal patterns and colexifications of colour terms in the languages of Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Segerer ◽  
Martine Vanhove

Abstract Of all the semantic domains, colour terms have attracted the largest amount of attention, notably from a typological point of view. However, there is much more to be discovered. A search of the cross-linguistic lexical database of African languages (RefLex) reveals several previously undetected areal colexification patterns and shared lexico-constructional patterns in a genetically balanced sample of 401 languages. In this paper, we illustrate several areal characteristics of colour terms: (i) the spread of an areal feature due to a common extra-linguistic setting (locust bean – Parkia biglobosa – as the lexical source of yellow); (ii) two convergence phenomena, one based on a shared lexico-constructional pattern including a term for water, and one based on shared colexifications (red and ripe vs. green and unripe); and (iii) an areal pattern of lexical diffusion of colour ideophones, a category which has thus far been considered difficult to borrow.

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 15698-15708
Author(s):  
COULIBALY DIAKITE Mariam ◽  
PARKOUDA Charles ◽  
COMPAORE Sidbewendé Clarisse ◽  
SAVADOGO Aly

Les graines de néré (Parkia biglobosa) sont transformées traditionnellement en Afrique de l’Ouest en des condiments fermentés sous différentes appellations : soumbala au Burkina Faso, nététu au Sénégal, soumbara en Guinée Conakry, dawadawa et iru au Nigéria, afitin, iru et sonru au Bénin. Ces produits sont caractérisés par la variabilité de leur qualité et des contraintes liées à leur production. La présente revue a pour objectif d’analyser les technologies traditionnelles utilisées pour la production de ces condiments fermentés à base de graines de néré et de faire ressortir les contraintes/difficultés de production de ces condiments. Les données ont été collectées à travers les documents physiques consultés (thèses et mémoires) et à partir des articles scientifiques et d’autres documents trouvés en ligne. Il en résulte que les technologies de production traditionnelle des condiments à base de graine de néré en Afrique de l’Ouest, incluent principalement selon les zones et les ethnies, une première cuisson des graines allant de 12-48 h, un décorticage manuel des graines cuites, une seconde cuisson des graines décortiquées et lavées variant de 1-4 h et enfin, une fermentation des cotylédons cuits allant de 24-120 h. Ces technologies ont également en commun, des contraintes majeures de pénibilités du processus de cuisson, du décorticage/lavage, de la consommation importante d’énergie, d’eau et de temps. Les données de cette revue ouvrent ainsi de nouvelles pistes de recherche pour l’amélioration des procédés traditionnels de transformation des graines de néré. Mots clés : Graines de néré, condiment, soumbala, procédé, pénibilité. Coulibaly Diakite et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Technologies traditionnelles de transformation des graines de néré (Parkia biglobosa Jacq. R.Br.) en Afrique de l’Ouest : revue des principaux produits dérivés et contraintes de production 15699 Traditional technologies for processing African locust bean seeds (Parkia biglobosa Jacq. R.Br.) in West Africa: review on the main derivatives and production constraints. ABSTRACT African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds are traditionally transformed in West Africa into fermented condiments under different names: soumbala in Burkina Faso, netetu in Senegal, soumbara in Guinea Conakry, dawadawa and iru in Nigeria, afitin, iru and sonru in Benin. These products are characterized by the variability of their quality and the constraints linked to their production. The objective of this study is to analyze the traditional technologies used for the production of these fermented condiments and to highlight the constraints/difficulties associated to their production. The data were collected through the physical documents consulted (theses and dissertations) and from scientific articles and other documents found online. It appear that the traditional technologies used to produce P. biglobosa seeds based-condiments in West Africa, mainly include, according to the zones and ethnic groups, a first cooking of the seeds ranging from 12-48 h, a manual dehulling of the cooked seeds, a second cooking of the dehulled and washed seeds varying from 1-4 h and finally, a fermentation of the cooked cotyledons ranging from 24-120 h. These technologies have in common the major constraints of hardness of the process of cooking and dehulling/washing, significant consumption of energy, water and time. Data from this review opens research perspectives for the improvement of the traditional processing of P. biglobosa seeds. Keywords: P. biglobosa seeds, condiment, soumbala, process.


2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget O. Omafuvbe . ◽  
Olumuyiwa S. Falade . ◽  
Bolanle A. Osuntogun . ◽  
Steve R.A. Adewusi .

Heliyon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. e02323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Solomon Bello ◽  
Kayode Adesina Adegoke ◽  
Oluwafunmilayo Oluwapamilerin Sarumi ◽  
Olasunkanmi Seun Lameed

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode Komolafe ◽  
Afolabi C. Akinmoladun ◽  
Titilope R. Komolafe ◽  
Mary T. Olaleye ◽  
Akintunde A. Akindahunsi ◽  
...  

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