Habitat selection of invasive alien Pallas’s squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) in an urban habitat with small fragmented green spaces

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Seki ◽  
Taisei Sato
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Presence Data ◽  
Callosciurus Erythraeus ◽  
Kanagawa Prefecture ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The distribution of invasive alien Pallas’s squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) has expanded mainly toward the southeast with continuous forest in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Recently, however, squirrels have been sighted in residential areas with only a few green spaces. We examined the habitat selection of squirrels in a city with small fragmented green spaces by censusing the animals along a 6.7 km route. Twenty-three presence data were obtained in 10 grids, which were much larger than the mean home ranges of the species, suggesting that a squirrel population had already been established in this area. Although woods of <5 ha were reported to be unsuitable squirrel habitats, the study area only had two green spaces with >5 ha, and 90% of presence data were obtained in green spaces with <5 ha. This indicates that squirrels can establish a population even in areas with small fragmented green spaces. The squirrels selected areas close to evergreen and deciduous woods, but they avoided those closer to residential areas. Since small fragmented woods, such as evergreen trees, are widely distributed in the central parts of Kanagawa Prefecture, the squirrels may use them as stepping stones to expand their range.

Home Ranges, Movements, and Habitat Selection of Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa)

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Watson ◽  
Kelly R. McAllister ◽  
D. John Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Rana Pretiosa ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Home Range Attributes and Habitat Selection of Barred Owls and Spotted Owls in an Area of Sympatry

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Hamer ◽  
Eric D. Forsman ◽  
Elizabeth M. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Strix Varia ◽  
Spotted Owls ◽  
Barred Owls ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract We compared home range areas and habitat selection of radio-marked Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis) and Barred Owls (Strix varia) in an area of sympatry in the northern Cascade Range of Washington in 1986–1989. On average, home ranges of Spotted Owls were 3–4 times larger than ranges of Barred Owls, and there was little overlap of home ranges during the breeding season. Ranges of both species tended to expand during winter. Home range size of both species was negatively correlated with the amount of old forest, but the negative slope of the regression was much steeper for Spotted Owls than for Barred Owls. For both species, home ranges of individual owls typically had high overlap among seasons and years, indicating high site fidelity. Barred Owls generally occupied home ranges at lower elevations than Spotted Owls (mean  =  386 ± 27 m vs. 750 ± 68 m). Both species tended to use old forests more than expected, but Spotted Owls tended to use other cover types less than expected, whereas Barred Owls used most other cover types in proportion to their availability. We suggest that Spotted Owls may use larger ranges than Barred Owls because they prey selectively on a few species of nocturnal mammals, whereas Barred Owls forage more evenly across a broad range of prey types, including diurnal and aquatic species. The low overlap of Barred Owl and Spotted Owl home ranges suggests that territorial Barred Owls exclude Spotted Owls from their territories, at least during the breeding season, thus reducing the amount of habitat available to Spotted Owls.

Home Range and Habitat Selection of Female Mountain Nyalas (Tragelaphus Buxtoni) in the Human-Dominated Landscape of the Ethiopian Highlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anagaw Atickem ◽  
Matthias Klapproth ◽  
Martha Fischer ◽  
Dietmar Zinner ◽  
Leif Egil Loe
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Home Range ◽  
National Park ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: Human settlement and agricultural activities restrict increasingly the range of large mammals in many cases contributing to declining numbers of ungulates. Here, we studied home range size and habitat selection of female mountain nyalas in the northern end of the Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) (31 km2) surrounded by human settlement. We collected data on space use of seven adult female mountain nyalas equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) collars. Home range size was estimated using fixed kernel density and habitat selection was determined by resource selection functions.Results: We found that female mountain nyalas have much smaller (5.7 km2) home ranges than the 19 km2 home range size predicted for a 170 kg, group-living species living in mixed habitats. Home ranges were 30% larger in night time than daytime. We suggest that the night time extension beyond the park boundaries were caused by both push and pull effects. The presumably high livestock and other ungulates grazing pressure within the protected area may cause forage-driven excursions out of the park, in particular during agricultural crop seasons. In addition, mountain nyalas are probably attracted by humans as shields against hyena predation. Resource selection index indicates bush land and forest habitat are the most preferred habitat types while agriculture and human settlements are least preferred habitats.Conclusions: Given that mountain nyalas are found in high density (24 individuals/km2) and the size of the northern part of the Bale Mountain National Park, which is currently under protection by the park authorities for the mountain nyala conservation, is too small for the predicted home range size of large ungulates, we suggest protecting additional area may be needed for the long-term conservation of the endangered mountain nyala.

Habitat use by female western roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): influence of resource availability on habitat selection in two contrasting years

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1052-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pellerin ◽  
C. Calenge ◽  
S. Saïd ◽  
J.- M. Gaillard ◽  
H. Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

In most previous studies of habitat selection, the use of a given habitat type is assumed to be directly proportional to its availability. However, the use and (or) the selection of a given habitat may be conditional on the availability of that habitat. We aim here to (i) identify the environmental variables involved in habitat selection, (ii) identify classes of individuals with similar patterns of habitat selection, and (iii) assess whether habitat use changes with changing availability of habitat types, within monthly home ranges of female western roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus (L., 1758)). We found that some females adjust their habitat use according to the distribution of resources within habitats. Females with similar home ranges in terms of resource quantity and quality showed similar patterns of habitat selection. Differences in habitat use between 2 years with contrasting resource availability showed that temporal changes of environmental conditions influenced the pattern of habitat selection by female roe deer. Habitat selection also differed between periods of the life cycle likely because of contrasted energy requirements. This study shows that the relationship between habitat use by herbivores and habitat availability is nonproportional, and that the availability of resources influences use mostly at intermediate values.

scholarly journals New insights on the rarity of the vulnerable Cinereous Warbling-finch (Aves, Emberizidae) based on density, home range, and habitat selection

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-802
Author(s):  
F Marques-Santos ◽  
U Wischhoff ◽  
M Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Minimum Convex Polygon ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Grassland Bird ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Selection Of

The Cinereous Warbling-finch Poospiza cinerea (Emberizidae) is a Neotropical grassland bird considered rare, with population declining due to habitat loss and classified as vulnerable. However, the species conspicuously remains in several degraded areas, suggesting that it may be favored by these environments. Studies which focus on this species were inexistent until 2012, making questionable any statement about its threaten status. Here we analyzed population density, home range, and habitat selection of two groups of P. cinerea at independent sites that differ in human impact levels. Density was estimated by counting and mapping birds. Kernel density and minimum convex polygon were used to estimate home ranges. Habitat selection was inferred from use and availability of every habitat identified within the home range boundaries. One group positively selected urban tree vegetation, despite the availability of natural habitats in its home range. Based on a review on the literature and our findings, we assume that it is unlikely that P. cinerea is rare owing to habitat degradation, as previously thought. Nevertheless, this species was always recorded around native Cerrado vegetation and thus habitat modification may still threaten this species at some level. It is suggested that this species might be a woodland edge species, but future studies are necessary to confirm this assumption.

scholarly journals Habitat selection and nest success of the Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) in Ivvavik National Park, Yukon, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Miller ◽  
Erica Nol ◽  
Linh P. Nguyen ◽  
Devin M. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Home Range ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Tree Encroachment ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Selection Of

The Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) is a grassland shorebird species associated primarily with prairie habitats in central North America. A disjunct and poorly studied population also occurs in Yukon, Canada, and Alaska, United States. We studied habitat selection of nesting Upland Sandpipers in Ivvavik National Park, Yukon, at the scales of microhabitat (1-m radius around nest) and putative home range (11.3-m radius plots at nests and within 50 m of nest). At the microhabitat scale, the Upland Sandpiper selected nest sites with lower visibility from above than that of their home range (median 91.5%, range 70–98% versus median 99.0%, range 85–100%) and less-variable composition of vegetation than at random sites within the home range. Vegetation adjacent to the nest in the eastern quadrat was significantly shorter (mean ± standard error: 10.6 ± 1.55 cm) than that in other directions around the nest (> 13 cm); nest sites and microsites within home ranges were more often hummocky than random sites in the park. At the mesohabitat scale, Upland Sandpipers selected sites within home ranges with fewer trees than random sites within the park (10.3 ± 3.0 trees per 11.3-m-radius plot around nest versus 32.9 ± 5.9 trees per 11.3-m-radius plot in the park) and greater herbaceous cover (70.7% ± 3.0% versus 56.2% ± 3.7%). Despite the disproportionate use of sites with fewer trees, more herbaceous cover, and lower vertical visibility, these factors did not relate to nest success in our sample. Of the 24 nests found in 2010 and 2011, 22 contained four eggs and 2 contained three eggs. Upland Sandpipers at this high latitude site had a nesting success rate of 0.85 ± 0.01 and 0.56 ± 0.01 in 2010 and 2011, respectively, for a 21-day incubation period. Further assessment of the selected characteristics of nesting sites will improve our ability to predict the effects of northward shrub and tree encroachment on this grassland species.

scholarly journals Seasonal home ranges and habitat selection of three elk (Cervus elaphus) herds in North Dakota

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0211650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Amor ◽  
Robert Newman ◽  
William F. Jensen ◽  
Bradley C. Rundquist ◽  
W. David Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Selection Of

Coping with human disturbance: spatial and temporal tactics of the brown bear (Ursus arctos)

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Martin ◽  
Mathieu Basille ◽  
Bram Van Moorter ◽  
Jonas Kindberg ◽  
Dominique Allainé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Selection Of

In human-dominated landscapes, species with large spatial requirements, such as large carnivores, have to deal with human infrastructure and activities within their home ranges. This is the case for the brown bear ( Ursus arctos L., 1758) in Scandinavia, which is colonizing more human-dominated landscapes, leading inevitably to an overlap between their home ranges and anthropogenic structures. In this study, we investigated fine-scale habitat selection by brown bears to examine how they deal with this potential disturbance. Using Global Positioning System (GPS) data, we studied (i) habitat selection of female brown bears within their home range and (ii) the influence of diurnal variation in human disturbance on fine-scale habitat use. As expected, females selected habitats within their home range that provided abundant food resources and minimized human-caused disturbance. In addition, our temporal analysis of habitat selection revealed an avoidance of disturbed areas and a selection of slopes by bears during periods of highest human activities, i.e., during daylight hours. We clearly demonstrate the importance of considering the fluctuations in human activity when studying habitat selection, especially at fine spatial scales. Failing to do so may considerably reduce the power to detect important fine-scale habitat-selection behaviors.

scholarly journals Breeding habitat selection of urban peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) in London

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Mak ◽  
Robert A Francis ◽  
Michael A Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Falco Peregrinus ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Peregrine Falcons ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Understanding habitat selection by individual animals within their home range is crucial to facilitating their conservation. Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) populations are increasingly urbanised, but little is known about their urban habitat use. In this study, we analysed the breeding habitat selection of peregrine falcons in London, United Kingdom, based on nest site locations identified through records of public sightings submitted to an online database between 2003 and 2018. We found peregrines displayed a preference for nesting in proximity to waterbodies, built-up areas and public parks and gardens, while wooded, agricultural and allotments areas were least preferred. We hypothesise that peregrines seek contrasting topography that proves advantageous for hunting in the vicinity of their nests, resulting in their selection of breeding sites within tall buildings that are adjacent to suitable foraging areas. From these findings, we conclude that (i) social drivers such as demand for green spaces and waterbodies near buildings shape peregrine nesting opportunities in the city and (ii) for urban planning to support conservation, we need further understanding of how each type of greenspace may be used differentially by raptors.

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