Surgical management of giant cell tumor of axis vertebra: review of fourteen cases in literature with a case illustration

Abstract Primary spinal giant cell tumor (PSGCT) considered as rare primary neoplasm, with predilection for subarticular location and commonly located at knee joint region, sacrum or distal radius, however, spinal involvent is uncommon and comparatively much rarer in the cervical spine. Further occurrence of giant cell tumor in the Axis vertebra is extremely uncommon and easily misdiagnosed and, thus, treatment is still debated and various treatment modalities and different surgical approaches were utilized during evolution of surgical management. Authors could collect only 14 cases of primary giant cell tumor affecting Axis vertebra in a detailed Pubmed and Medline search, out of which 12 cases were primary and rest two case was recurrent. So authors reviewed in total thirteen cases primary giant cell tumor of Axis managed surgically, including our case. Out of 13 PSGCT, twelve cases were managed with surgical resection and the rest one case was managed with monoclonal antibody using Denosomab monotherapy without any surgical intervention. In the surgical group (n=12), nine cases had two staged surgical procedure, first being posterior fixation followed by anterior approach with resection of tumor while, the rest three had one stage surgical resection including current case. Authors reports a unique case of spinal giant cell tumor developing in a- 38 - year male with history of renal transplant, presented with neck pain and difficulty in walking, neuroimaging revealed a osteolytic mass lesion involving body of axis vertebra with extension into right sided lamina, underwent two stage complete surgical intervention. Authors describes management of such rare locally recurring primary bony pathology affecting axis vertebra as it is not only interesting and challenging and different management modalities, various, surgical approaches and issue of renal osteodystrophy along with pertinent literature is also reviewed briefly.

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Giant Cell Tumor of Bone, current treatments, and potential therapeutic alternatives

American Journal of Cancer Research and Reviews ◽

10.28933/ajocrr-2020-10-0205 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell Tumor ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Research Work ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Malignant Degeneration ◽

Primary Malignancy ◽

Primary Bone Tumor ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Therapeutic Alternatives

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a primary bone tumor, locally aggressive. For many, a GCTB is considered a tumor with an unpredictable behavior, particularly regarding recurrences, pulmonary implants, and the possibility of primary malignancy. In terms of risk of recurrence, it is known that it is associated with the type of treatment used initially for the GCTB. The greater the number or recurrences, the greater the risk of pulmonary implants, and the greater the risk of malignant degeneration. Therefore, much of the prognosis of this tumor could be related to the type of initial treatment. Hence the importance of the treatment theme. This review includes a comparison between the various modalities for treatment in GCTB, considering the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Existing GCTB treatments are not 100% safe and effective at the same time. and this is the reason why the search for other treatment modalities should continue to offer a better oncologic and functional outcome to patients. In the end of this review, based on research work, we also mention other possible therapeutic options that could be explored and used in the future for GCT treatment.

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Brown Tumor of the Facial Bones: Case Report and Literature Review

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/014556130508400714 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 84 (7) ◽

pp. 432-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Marcus M. Lessa ◽

Flavio A. Sakae ◽

Robinson K. Tsuji ◽

Bernardo C. Araújo Filho ◽

Richard L. Voegels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell Tumor ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Surgical Resection ◽

Tumor Regression ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Nasal Fossa ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Direct Result ◽

Brown Tumor ◽

The Right

Brown tumor, an uncommon focal giant-cell lesion, arises as a direct result of the effect of parathyroid hormone on bone tissue in patients with hyperparathyroidism. The initial treatment involves the correction of hyperparathyroidism, which usually leads to tumor regression. We report a case of brown tumor of the right nasal fossa in a 71-year-old woman. The tumor had caused nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Laboratory evaluation revealed that the patient had primary hyperparathyroidism. Anatomicopathologic investigation revealed the presence of a giant-cell tumor. We performed a partial parathyroidectomy, but the tumor in the right nasal fossa failed to regress. One year later, we performed surgical resection of the lesion. The patient recovered uneventfully, and she remained asymptomatic and recurrence-free at the 1-year follow-up. Facial lesions with histologic features of a giant-cell tumor should be evaluated from a systemic standpoint. Hyperparathyroidism should always be investigated by laboratory tests because most affected patients are asymptomatic. Surgical resection of a brown tumor should be considered if the mass does not regress after correction of the inciting hyperparathyroidism or if the patient is highly symptomatic.

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Surgical Management of Innominate Giant Cell Tumor

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research ◽

10.1097/00003086-199608000-00035 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 329 ◽

pp. 281-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Amy S. Kattapuram ◽

Richard J. O'Donnell ◽

Monica Huszar ◽

Andrew E. Rosenberg ◽

Susan V. Kattapuram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell Tumor ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Surgical Management ◽

Cell Tumor

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Large pelvic giant cell tumor*1A case report and a review of current treatment modalities

The Journal of Arthroplasty ◽

10.1016/s0883-5403(04)00350-x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1050-1054

Author(s):

S BLAKE ◽

G GIE

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Giant Cell Tumor ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Treatment Modalities

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Denosumab Chemotherapy for Recurrent Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone: A Case Report of Neoadjuvant Use Enabling Complete Surgical Resection

Case Reports in Oncological Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/496351 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amit Agarwal ◽

Brandon T. Larsen ◽

Lawrence D. Buadu ◽

Jack Dunn ◽

Russell Crawford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell Tumor ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Surgical Resection ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Young Female ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Complete Surgical Resection ◽

Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor

Giant-cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) is a rare neoplasm that affects young adults. The tumor is generally benign but sometimes can be locally aggressive. There are no standardized approaches to the treatment of GCTB. Recently, the RANKL inhibitor denosumab has shown activity in this tumor type. We present the case of a young female who presented with locally advanced disease and was successfully managed with the neoadjuvant use of denosumab allowing for surgical resection of the tumor that was previously deemed unresectable. Following surgery, the patient is being managed with continued use of denosumab as ‘maintenance,’ and she continues to be free of disease. Our case highlights a novel approach for the management of locally advanced and aggressive giant cell tumor of the bone.

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Recurrences of giant cell tumor of bone within soft tissue

The Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles ◽

10.12746/swrccc.v8i34.661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (34) ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

Dylan Homen ◽

George Brindley ◽

Cody Beaver

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Giant Cell Tumor ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Benign Tumor ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Adjacent Soft Tissue

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is typically considered an aggressive but benign tumor, and recurrence of the tumor following surgical intervention is common. It is much rarer, however, for recurrence to occur in the soft tissue surrounding the original lesion. Literature investigating the giant cell tumor of soft tissue is much less prevalent than that of bony recurrence, and our understanding of its etiology is still developing. This report presents two cases in which recurrence of the tumor occurred in the adjacent soft tissue following intralesional excision of GCTB, in hopes of identifying variables that could have contributed to this atypical recurrence and prompting further investigations regarding means of possible prevention.

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First Experience of Ankle Joint Arthroplasty in a Giant Cell Tumor of the Tibial Epiphysiometaphys: Case Report and Literature Review

N N Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics ◽

10.32414/0869-8678-2017-4-56-61 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 56-61

Author(s):

A. I. Snetkov ◽

G. N. Berchenko ◽

A. R. Frantov ◽

S. Yu. Batrakov ◽

R. S. Kotlyarov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Giant Cell Tumor ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Ankle Joint ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Joint Arthroplasty ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Custom Made ◽

The Right

Case report for the 18 years old female patient with a giant cell tumor of the distal articular end of the right tibia is presented. The surgical intervention included segmental resection of the articular end of the right tibia and substitution of the defect with the custom-made ankle endoprosthesis. The follow up period made up 4 years. The range of motion in the right ankle joint was satisfactory, no relapse occurred and the implant components were stable.

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