scholarly journals Comparative Study on Gas Exchange, Water Relations and Leaf Anatomy of Two Olive Cultivars Grown under Well-Irrigated and Drought Conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Chartzoulakis ◽  
Angelos Patakas ◽  
Artemis Bosabalidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Olea Europea ◽  
Leaf Anatomical Characteristics

The effect of water stress on gas exchange, water relations and leaf anatomical characteristics have been studied in two olive cultivars (Olea europea, L. cv. ‘Koroneiki’ and cv. ‚Mastoidis’). Photosynthetic rate as well as stomatal conductance were decreased in stressed plants. Osmotic potential (π) declined rapidly in stressed plants indicating their ability for osmoregulation. Bulk modulus of elasticity (ε) was significantly higher in stressed compared to well irrigated plants. The volume fraction of intercellular spaces of the upper palisade parenchyma, the spongy parenchyma as well as the lower palisade parenchyma were significantly lower in stressed compared to well irrigated plants. On the other hand, the density of mesophyll cells in the upper palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma and lower palisade parenchyma increased significantly in stressed plants

scholarly journals Alterations in Anatomy and Ultrastructure of Pecan Leaves Treated with Propiconazole during Shoot Expansion

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein ◽  
Elizabeth A. Richardson ◽  
Yi He
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spongy Layer ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure

Propiconazole, a triazole fungicide, has been reported to inhibit leaf expansion in pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] trees when applied under field conditions. This study was conducted to determine the effect of propiconazole on pecan leaf morphology and structure using light and transmission electron microscopy. Mature pecan trees were sprayed once or three times per week from budbreak to pollen maturity. Fungicide sprays resulted in significantly reduced leaf area. Compared to controls, leaves from propiconazole-treated shoots had alterations in cell arrangement characterized by more tightly packed palisade parenchyma cells with fewer intercellular spaces; neither leaf thickness nor palisade or spongy layer thickness were affected. Propiconazole caused modifications in the chloroplasts, with a tendency for internal membranes to be less defined, and for thylakiods to exhibit less stacking. The extent of structural changes was related to fungicide dosage. Results show that propiconazole applications during leaf development can inhibit leaf expansion and modify cellular organization of the mesophyll cells. Chemical name used: 1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl] methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (propiconazole).

scholarly journals The in vitro and in vivo anatomical structure of leaves of Prunus x Davidopersica ‘Piroska' and Sorbus rotundifolia L. ‘Bükk szépe'

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kiss ◽  
M. Fábián ◽  
Gy. Gazdag ◽  
E. Jámbor-Benczúr ◽  
K. Ónadi
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
Leaf Anatomical Characteristics

Immature in vitro leaves showed similar structure of the mesophyll tissue to the immature field-grown (in vivo) leaves of Prunus x davidopersica `Piroska'. Mature leaf anatomical characteristics of in vitro plantlets differ from the field-grown plants. The mesophyll tissue of in vitro plantlets were thinner than the in vivo plants and consisted of only one layer palisade parenchyma, the shape of the cells and the structure of spongy parenchyma basically differed from the field-grown plants. In the case of Sorbus rotundifolia similar anatomical differences were found both in vitro and in vivo as in the case of Prunus x davidopersica `Piroska'.

Development of epidermal crystals in leaflets of Stylosanthes guianensis (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1664-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt L. Brubaker ◽  
Harry T. Horner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Cell Wall Materials

In developing leaflets of Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw., twin prismatic calcium oxalate crystals form in adaxial and abaxial epidermal crystal idioblasts. These cells eventually die and collapse, leaving the crystals embedded in a matrix of cutin and cell-wall materials. Adaxial crystal idioblasts develop above large conical cells that, in turn, are interspersed among smaller, multiple-layered palisade parenchyma. Abaxial crystal idioblasts develop beneath a uniseriate layer of large horizontally branched cells abutting the abaxial epidermis. Spongy parenchyma occupies the middle mesophyll above the layer of branched cells. The abaxial crystals and the branched cells of the lowermost mesophyll develop simultaneously. Adaxial crystals and the conical cells develop later and in conjunction with each other. In mature leaflets, the adaxial and abaxial crystals and their associated collapsed crystal idioblasts form networks, the interstices of which are occupied by either single stomates and accompanying epidermal cells (adaxial) or clusters of stomates and accompanying epidermal cells (abaxial). Epidermal crystals are known from other Leguminosae; however, to our knowledge this is the first report where epidermal crystal development involving cell death and collapse is correlated with two types of specialized mesophyll cells.

Gas Exchange and Water Relations of ‘Olaf’ Spring Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Morgan ◽  
W. O. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Spring Wheat

scholarly journals Light regulates stomatal development by modulating paracrine signaling from inner tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenqi Wang ◽  
Zimin Zhou ◽  
Rini Rahiman ◽  
Grace Sheen Yee Lee ◽  
Yuan Kai Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Light Signaling ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Light Signals

AbstractDevelopmental outcomes are shaped by the interplay between intrinsic and external factors. The production of stomata—essential pores for gas exchange in plants—is extremely plastic and offers an excellent system to study this interplay at the cell lineage level. For plants, light is a key external cue, and it promotes stomatal development and the accumulation of the master stomatal regulator SPEECHLESS (SPCH). However, how light signals are relayed to influence SPCH remains unknown. Here, we show that the light-regulated transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a critical regulator for photomorphogenic growth, is present in inner mesophyll cells and directly binds and activates STOMAGEN. STOMAGEN, the mesophyll-derived secreted peptide, in turn stabilizes SPCH in the epidermis, leading to enhanced stomatal production. Our work identifies a molecular link between light signaling and stomatal development that spans two tissue layers and highlights how an environmental signaling factor may coordinate growth across tissue types.

scholarly journals A new species of Anemopaegma (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Fabiana Firetti Leggieri ◽  
DIEGO DEMARCO ◽  
LÚCIA G. LOHMANN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
A New Species

The Atlantic Forest of Brazil includes one of the highest species diversity and endemism in the planet, representing a priority for biodiversity conservation. A new species of Anemopaegma from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil is here described, illustrated and compared to its closest relatives. Anemopaegma nebulosum Firetti-Leggieri & L.G. Lohmann has been traditionally treated as a morph of Anemopaegma prostratum; however, additional morphological and anatomical studies indicated that A. nebulosum differs significantly from A. prostratum and is best treated as a separate species. More specifically, A. nebulosum is characterized by elliptic and coriaceous leaflets (vs. ovate to orbicular and membranaceous in A. prostratum), smaller leaflet blades (3.6–5.5 x 2.0–3.0 cm vs. 6.7–13.0 x 4.2–8.4 cm in A. prostratum), orbicular prophylls of the axillary buds (vs. no prophylls in A. prostratum), solitary flowers (vs. multi-flowered axillary racemes in A. prostratum) and a gibbous corolla (vs. infundibuliform corollas in A. prostratum). In addition, A. nebulosum differs from A. prostratum anatomically in having thicker leaflet blades composed of two to four layers of palisade parenchyma (vs. one to three layers in A. prostratum), and seven to eight layers in the spongy parenchyma (vs. six to eight layers in A. prostratum). A key for the identification of all species of Anemopaegma from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil is presented.

Biomass partition, leaf gas exchange and water relations of alfalfa and milkvetch seedlings in response to soil drying

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Xu ◽  
X. P. Deng ◽  
S. Q. Zhang ◽  
L. Shan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Biomass Partition

Responses to drought of five Brachiaria species. II. Water relations and leaf gas exchange

2004 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Guenni ◽  
Zdravko Baruch ◽  
Douglas Marín
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange

Leaf Water Relations and Gas Exchange in Relation to Forage Production in Four Asiatic Bluestems 1

Crop Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Coyne ◽  
J. A. Bradford ◽  
C. L. Dewald
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Leaf Water Relations
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