scholarly journals Forest Vegetation of Hardwood Tree Species along the Mirna River in Istria (Croatia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joso Vukelić ◽  
Patrik Korijan ◽  
Irena Šapić ◽  
Antun Alegro ◽  
Vedran Šegota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Hardwood Tree

scholarly journals Forest vegetation in western Romania in relation to climate variables: Does community composition reflect modelled tree species distribution?

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffi Heinrichs ◽  
Helge Walentowski ◽  
Erwin Bergmeier ◽  
Karl Heinz Mellert ◽  
Adrian Indreica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Western Romania

scholarly journals Metagenomic reconstruction of nitrogen and carbon cycling pathways in forest soil: Influence by different hardwood tree species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene N. Kelly ◽  
Geoffrey W. Schwaner ◽  
Jonathan R. Cumming ◽  
Timothy P. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
C And N ◽  
Hardwood Tree

AbstractThe soil microbiome plays an essential role in processing and storage of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), and is influenced by vegetation above-ground through imparted differences in chemistry, structure, mass of plant litter, root physiology, and dominant mycorrhizal associations. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to quantify the abundance and distribution of gene families involved in soil microbial N and C cycling beneath three deciduous hardwood tree species: ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-associated Quercus rubra (red oak), ECM-associated Castanea dentata (American chestnut), and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-associated Prunus serotina (black cherry). Chestnut exhibited the most distinct soil microbiome of the three species, both functionally and taxonomically, with a general suppression of functional genes in the nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate reduction pathways. These changes were related to low inorganic N availability in chestnut stands as soil was modified by poor, low-N litter quality relative to red oak and black cherry soils.IMPORTANCEPrevious studies have used field biogeochemical process rates, isotopic tracing, and targeted gene abundance measurements to study the influence of tree species on ecosystem N and C dynamics. However, these approaches do not enable a comprehensive systems-level understanding of the relationship between microbial diversity and metabolism of N and C below-ground. We analyzed microbial metagenomes from soils beneath red oak, American chestnut, and black cherry stands and showed that tree species can mediate the abundance of key microbial genes involved in N and (to a lesser extent) C metabolism pathways in soil. Our results highlight the genetic framework underlying tree species’ control over soil microbial communities, and below-ground C and N metabolism, and may enable land managers to select tree species to maximize C and N storage in soils.

Canker formation and decay in sugar maple and paper birch infected by Cerrenaunicolor

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Enebak ◽  
Robert A. Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Hardwood Tree ◽  
Xylem Discoloration

Cerrenaunicolor (Bull.: Fr.) Murr. (= Daedaleaunicolor) (Aphyllophorales, Polyporaceae) was found to cause a canker rot on two northern hardwood tree species, sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) and paper birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.). Pathogenicity of the fungus was determined by inoculation and examination of cankers 6 months, 1.5 years, and 2.5 years later. The two isolates used were found to differ in pathogenicity. Chemical and morphological barriers formed to compartmentalize the fungus. A zone of enhanced cell wall lignification and the formation of suberized impervious cells which composed the necrophylactic periderm in the host were observed. Xylem discoloration, callus formation, and periderm layers were more pronounced in maple than in birch. Cerrenaunicolor moved past host barriers via a mass of hyphae which annually penetrated weak points in the necrophylactic periderm and subsequently killed the adjacent cambium. Once past the necrophylactic periderm and into the xylem, C. unicolor was an aggressive decay organism which caused an extensive white rot. In naturally infected trees, columns of decay were two or three times longer than the cankers. Multiple zones of decayed and discolored wood were present in the xylem as a result of repeated attacks by the fungus.

Modeling heliotropic tree growth in hardwood tree species—A case study on Maesopsis eminii

2010 ◽  
Vol 260 (10) ◽  
pp. 1656-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Buchholz ◽  
Axel Weinreich ◽  
Timm Tennigkeit
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Hardwood Tree ◽  
Maesopsis Eminii

scholarly journals Effectiveness of winter temperatures for satisfying chilling requirements for reproductive budburst of red alder (Alnus rubra)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5221
Author(s):  
Janet S. Prevéy ◽  
Constance A. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
Hardwood Tree ◽  
Temperature Controlled

Background Experiencing an adequate amount of cold temperatures over winter is necessary for many temperate tree species to break dormancy and flower in spring. Thus, changes in winter and spring temperatures associated with climate change may influence when trees break dormancy and flower in the future. There have been several experimental studies that have quantified the effectiveness of cold temperatures for chilling requirements for vegetative budburst of temperate trees; however, there are few experimental studies addressing the chilling requirements for reproductive budburst of trees, as it is difficult to place reproductively mature trees in temperature-controlled environments. Methods To identify how changing temperatures associated with climate change may impact reproductive phenology, we completed a temperature-controlled growth chamber experiment using cuttings of reproductive branches of red alder (Alnus rubra), one of the most widespread hardwood tree species of the Pacific Northwest, USA. The purpose of this study was to examine how colder (4 °C) and warmer (9 °C) winter temperature regimes influenced the timing of reproductive budburst of red alder cuttings in spring. We also compared the date of budburst of cuttings to that of branches from intact trees. Results We found that cuttings flowered earlier after pretreatment with a 4 °C winter temperature regime than after a 9 °C winter temperature regime. We found no significant differences between the timing of male budburst of cuttings exposed to ambient conditions compared to male budburst of branches from intact trees. We used our experimental data to estimate a “possibility-line” that shows the accumulated chilling and forcing temperatures necessary prior to reproductive budburst of red alder. Discussion This study provides a preliminary indication that warmer winters with climate change may not be as effective as colder winters for satisfying chilling temperature requirements of a Northwest hardwood tree species.

An Improved Canopy Access Technique

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel F. Tucker ◽  
John R. Powell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Canopy Access ◽  
Hardwood Tree ◽  
Hunting And Fishing ◽  
North America North ◽  
Access Technique ◽  
Initial Line

Abstract Several canopy access techniques are reviewed including a preferred method that is presented in detail. Included is a description for devising the necessary equipment and step-by-step instruction for its use. The technique was developed for use with sugar maple with a crown base 12 to 16 m above the ground. A combination of mountaineering, hunting, and fishing equipment and techniques is employed to propel an initial line into the canopy and rig the tree so that a rope can be ascended. Based on several years of development and testing, the technique is assessed with regard to possible variations and other techniques. The method should be most useful for practitioners and researchers working in the crowns of mature, stand-grown hardwood tree species like those found in the northeastern and midwestern North America. North. J. Appl. For 8(1):29-32.

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