Effects of Potassium Fertilization, Cultivar Specifics and Seedling Temperature Regime on Growth Parameters and Yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Background: Potassium fertilization shows beneficial effect on formation of tomato vegetative biomass and productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which split potassium application and seedling temperature regime affects the growth parameters (leaf number, leaf area, fresh leaf weight and LAI) and yield of various tomato cultivars. Methods: A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of single dose and split potassium fertilization treatments, cultivar specifics and seedling temperature regime on growth parameters and yield of tomato. Ten high yielding classic round shape tomato cultivars with determinate growth habitat were planted on Fluvisol. Single and split potassium fertilization treatments were tested. Result: The seedlings growth temperature regime and splitting the potassium fertilization treatment did not have a significant effect on the development of leaf biomass in tomato plants. Results revealed that leaf number, leaf area, fresh leaf weight and LAI of tomato plants was significantly affected by the cultivar genetic factor. Tomato yield were significantly affected by cultivars and split potassium fertilization treatments. Cultivars that measured the highest leaf area, fresh leaf weight and LAI and were also the highest yielding ones. A positive correlation between LAI and tomato fruit yield was observed.

Effects of different treatments of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the growth & physiological characteristics of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an aquatic perennial plant with various values, such as ornamental flowers, vegetables, food, and herbal medicine. It is cultivated and consumed throughout the different regions in Vietnam as a symbol associated with local culture. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of four other treatments of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the growth of lotus in crop 2021. In the present study, we examined the effects of 4 treatments: control - no AgNPs (CT), treating the soil with AgNPs 4mg/L 5 days before planting (T1), treating plants with AgNPs 4mg/L before planting (T2), and a combination of soil treatment, plant treatment, and periodic foliar application at 4mg/L (T3). The results show that AgNPs application by different methods significantly increased plant height, leaf diameter, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, and some biochemical aspects compared with the control. Furthermore, exposure to AgNPs elevated the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD). Among the different of AgNPs applications, plants treated with T3 showed the highest efficiency. In addition, the chlorophyll content and diameter of floating and upright leaves were positively correlated with dry leaf mass. Thus, the current use of AgNPs in agricultural sciences offers the prospect of researching their impact on various plants in the future.

Validating Field Regeneration Capacity for Selected Accessions of Gossypium hirsutum Using Callus Induction and Regeneration Capacity

Gossypium hirsutm undergoes a rapid clonal propagation to regenerate a mature plant through tissue culture. In this research, cotton leaf regeneration level for 21 accessions in the field (new leaves) was observed after the first harvest, and a comparison between field regeneration level and callus induction with its regeneration capacity (new shoots and roots) for the same 21 accessions was carried out. During the flowering stage of Gossypium hirsutum, biochemical (Proline), physiological (chlorophyll and carotenoid content) analysis was carried out. Phenotypic observations (plant height, leaf area, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, flower and boll number) were also carried out on 21 accessions for each accession. Callus induction and regeneration capacity of roots and shoots for hypocotyl, cotyledons and shoot tip tissues was used to validate field regeneration capacity through analysis of variance. ZS061, LuMian378, JiMian863, and ZS065 have highest drought tolerance while ZhongMianSuo24, LiaoYangDuoMaoMian, and BeiZheGongSheMian have the lowest tolerance to drought stress. Accessions with both field and callus regeneration capacity were identified.

Produktivitas rumput gajah (Pennisetum purpureum cv Taiwan) hasil irradiasi sinar gamma pada dosis 50 Gy

The study aims to determine the productivity of elephant grass cv Taiwan (Pennisetum purpureum cv Taiwan) from gamma ray irradiation at a dose of 50 gy at five harvest in one year. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications, the treatment was 51 numbers clone of elephant grass (P. purpureum cv Taiwan) from gamma ray irradiation and control (without irradiation). Observations were made on each number of elephant grass irradiated on 5 plants per number, and were made on 10 plantswith a harvest interval of 2 months. The observed parameters include the number of tillers; fresh and dry leaf weight; fresh and dry stem weight, and total weight. The results showed a significant impact of gamma radiation (P<0.05) on tiller count, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight and fresh stem weight as well as dry stem weight and total weight. These results show that gamma radiation on elephant grass can generate diversity and increase its productivity. The best cuttings can be made on the fourth cut in clones no. 19, 1, 27, 31 and 3.

Genetic Diversity among Accessions of Indian Spinach (Basella spp. L.) Based on Agro-Morphological Traits

Medicinal and nutritional qualities of Indian spinach obviously make it a promising crop for food security in Africa. It exhibits high genetic diversity in its present under-exploited state; therefore, accurate assessment of the existing genetic diversity will be fundamental to its improvement. This study investigated the genetic diversity among twenty (20) accessions of Indian spinach using morphological descriptors. The field experiments were carried out at the Vegetable Research Farm of National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria during rainy seasons of 2016 and 2017. The experimental design adopted was randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data were collected on the vegetative characters, yield and on yield related characters. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance, Principal Component Analysis and Cluster analyses. The first three principal component (PC) axes observed for year 2016 and 2017 explained 64.66% and 59.99% respectively of the total variation. The clustering method evolved groups of accessions based on similarities of morphological traits. Yield and yield related characters were highly and positively correlated with one another. Stem weight was positively correlated with leaf weight and total plant weight. Likewise, positive correlation existed between leaf weight and total plant weight.

Nitrogen enhanced sorghum morpho-physiological activity, and antioxidant capacity

Imbalanced mineral nutrition and scant information about nitrogen (N) in plants may result in reduction in sorghum morpho-physiological activities. However, farmers use higher or lower fertilizer doses regarding sorghum growth and yield. This study was undertaken to determine the response of sorghum morpho-physiological activities to different rates of nitrogen (N) during two growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. The treatments were consisted of a factorial combination of three N levels (N1 = 0 kg N ha− 1, N2 = 150 Kg N ha− 1, and N3 = 300 kg N ha− 1) and two varieties (V1 = CFSH30, and V2 = Siyong 3180). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Our results found that N application (N2 and N3) significantly increased plant growth and morpho-physiological activities; leaf length increased by 2.7–8.9%, leaf width by 0.4–4.5%, plant height by 27.8–20.5%, Specific leaf weight by 4.2–10.9%, leaf weight by 18.4–17.4%, and protein contents by 39.5–117.0% compared to N1. Interestingly, higher rates of N reduced number of plants m− 2 by 42.4–24.8% but increased number of plants m− 2 weight kg− 1 by 11.6–62.8%. Moreover, compared with control, N enhanced CAT activity by 92.8-131.9%, SOD by 81.2–84.5%, and POD by 43.6–52.8% in 2017 and 2018. This study indicated that N3 significantly performed best among all treatments during the two growing seasons particularly in case of V1. Moreover, we also concluded that V1 performed better in terms of producing higher leaf width, plant height, specific leaf weight, stem weight, number of plants m2 (weight/kg− 1), protein contents, and antioxidant enzymes activity as compared to V2.

Diversity and relationships of Miscanthus sinensis from 20 geographical distributions in China based on SSR markers

Miscanthus is a C4 herbaceous perennial species and it was chosen as a bioenergy crop due to high biomass yield. Miscanthus sinensis has many phenotypes which are adaptated to various environments in China. In this study, 421 accessions of M. sinensis were collected from 22 provinces, and the genetic polymorphisms amongst these germplasm collections were identified using 20 primer pairs designed against 10 each from eSSR and gSSR transferable markers from barley. A total of 95 SSR loci were detected producing a 100% polymorphic rate among these M. sinensis accessions. The gSSR markers showed a richer genetic polymorphism than eSSR markers. Based on the UPGMA clustering, there was a distinct sub-population separation in M. sinensis, which indicates that geographical differences and natural selection are the driving forces for genetic variation and evolution in the species. The 20 pairs of barley markers matched to 26 loci associated with date of heading, plant height, leaf weight, stem weight, leaf/stem ratio, and total biomass yield. Eleven marker loci were associated with the date of heading, 4 with plant height, 10 with leaf weight, 7 with stem weight, 3 with leaf/stem ratio, and 10 with biomass yield.

Respuesta del perejil crespo a diferentes densidades de población de Meloidogyne arenaria

The effect of initial population density (Pi) of the peanut root-knot nematode, Melodoigyne arenaria, on curly leaf parsley growth was assessed in this study. The population densities of M. arenaria ranged from 0 to 64 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2)/cm3 soil in sterile sandbags. The root gall index (RGI), reproduction factor (RF), fresh leaf weight (FLW), dry leaf weight (DLW), root fresh weight (RFW), root length (RL), leaf height (LH), and chlorophyll index (SPAD) were determined at 90 days after inoculation. FLW, DLW, RFW, LH, and SPAD data were fitted to the Seinhorst equation, y = m + (1 - m) zPi-T, to determine the tolerance limit T = 0.25 eggs +J2/cm3 soil for FLW, DLW, RFW, and LH, with relative means (m) of 0.52, 0.24, 0.22, and 0.4 respectively; conversely, the T value for SPAD was 0.125 eggs + J2/cm3 soil and with a m of 0.26. All biometric variables decreased with an increase in the initial population density (Pi). Nevertheless, the highest RF of M. arenaria in parsley was 78.92 for a Pi = 8 eggs + J2/cm3 soil, with an RGI value of 5 from Pi = 1 eggs + J2/cm3. Curly leaf parsley growth decreased with an increase in Pi of M. arenaria.

Beet production using vermiculite incorporated with Dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol)

Vermiculite is an expansive material that can be used for crop production. However, information about the use of vermiculite in vegetable production is scarce. Thus, this study's objective was to evaluate the effects of vermiculite levels incorporated into the soil (Red Latosol Dystrophic) for beet (Beta vulgaris L.) crop production. The experiment was performed during spring using the beet cultivar 'Early Wonder Tall Top' and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 t∙ha-1 of vermiculite incorporated into the soil before seedling planting. The increase of the vermiculite doses caused a linear decrease of the fresh root and leaf weight. The yield reductions were due to the great water holding capacity of the vermiculite and the consequent high incidence of cercosporiosis (Cercospora beticola Saac).