Modeling heliotropic tree growth in hardwood tree species—A case study on Maesopsis eminii

2010 ◽  
Vol 260 (10) ◽  
pp. 1656-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Buchholz ◽  
Axel Weinreich ◽  
Timm Tennigkeit
1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1172-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Cogliastro ◽  
Daniel Gagnon ◽  
Daniel Coderre ◽  
Pierre Bhéreur

Two experimental plantations of valuable hardwoods were established in southern Quebec, at the northern limit of the North American deciduous forest, to examine the effects of three weed control treatments on the growth of tree seedlings. Treatments of herbicide, rototilling, and sowing of a legume cover (Lotuscorniculatus L. and Trifoliumrepens L.) were applied to seven tree species (Fraxinusamericana L., Juglansnigra L., Prunusserotina Ehrh., Quercusalba L., Quercusmacrocarpa Michx., Quercusrubra L., Tiliaamericana L.). A control treatment, retaining existing herbaceous vegetation, was also included. After three growing seasons tree growth was highest in the herbicide and rototilling treatments. Improved growth was associated with high foliar nitrogen, and sometimes phosphorus, content. The growth gains provided by weed control were reduced on the site with the poorest soil drainage. Despite the introduction of herbaceous legumes, the weed biomass increased during the first 2 years, and tree growth in this treatment was rarely superior to the control. The growth obtained for some species in the best treatment, generally the herbicide, was similar to that attained farther south in Ontario.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joso Vukelić ◽  
Patrik Korijan ◽  
Irena Šapić ◽  
Antun Alegro ◽  
Vedran Šegota ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene N. Kelly ◽  
Geoffrey W. Schwaner ◽  
Jonathan R. Cumming ◽  
Timothy P. Driscoll

AbstractThe soil microbiome plays an essential role in processing and storage of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), and is influenced by vegetation above-ground through imparted differences in chemistry, structure, mass of plant litter, root physiology, and dominant mycorrhizal associations. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to quantify the abundance and distribution of gene families involved in soil microbial N and C cycling beneath three deciduous hardwood tree species: ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-associated Quercus rubra (red oak), ECM-associated Castanea dentata (American chestnut), and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-associated Prunus serotina (black cherry). Chestnut exhibited the most distinct soil microbiome of the three species, both functionally and taxonomically, with a general suppression of functional genes in the nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate reduction pathways. These changes were related to low inorganic N availability in chestnut stands as soil was modified by poor, low-N litter quality relative to red oak and black cherry soils.IMPORTANCEPrevious studies have used field biogeochemical process rates, isotopic tracing, and targeted gene abundance measurements to study the influence of tree species on ecosystem N and C dynamics. However, these approaches do not enable a comprehensive systems-level understanding of the relationship between microbial diversity and metabolism of N and C below-ground. We analyzed microbial metagenomes from soils beneath red oak, American chestnut, and black cherry stands and showed that tree species can mediate the abundance of key microbial genes involved in N and (to a lesser extent) C metabolism pathways in soil. Our results highlight the genetic framework underlying tree species’ control over soil microbial communities, and below-ground C and N metabolism, and may enable land managers to select tree species to maximize C and N storage in soils.


2015 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Rohner ◽  
Esther Thürig

Development of climate-dependent growth functions for the scenario model “Massimo” Tree growth is substantially influenced by climatic factors. In the face of climate change, climate effects should therefore be included in estimations of Switzerland's future forest productivity. In order to include climate effects in the growth functions of the “Massimo” model, which is typically applied to project forest resources in Switzerland, we statistically modelled climate effects on tree growth representatively for Switzerland by simultaneously considering further growth-influencing factors. First, we used tree ring data to evaluate how climate variables should be defined. This analyses showed that for modelling multi-year tree growth we should use averages of whole-year variables. Second, we fitted nonlinear mixed-effects models separately for the main tree species to individual-tree growth data from the Swiss National Forest Inventory. In these models, we combined climate variables defined according to the results of the tree ring study with various further variables that characterize sites, stands and individual trees. The quantified effects were generally plausible and explained convincingly the physiological differences between the species. The statistical growth models for the main tree species will now be included in the forest scenario model “Massimo”. This will allow for founded analyses of scenarios which assume changing climatic conditions.


Author(s):  
Norberto Emídio de Oliveira Neto ◽  
Cassiano Ribeiro da Fonseca ◽  
Fabrício Alvim Carvalho

O comércio de mudas florestais para a recuperação de áreas degradadas e reflorestamento é crescente e demanda cada vez mais conhecimentos sobre práticas de manejo na produção de essências nativas, adequadas aos padrões ecológicos locais e à legislação ambiental vigente. Entretanto, a comercialização de mudas exóticas ainda é prática comum nos viveiros florestais, não existindo, para a microrregião de Juiz de Fora, MG, informações sobre os tipos de mudas comercializados nos viveiros florestais. Neste estudo foram levantadas as espécies florestais comercializadas em oito viveiros florestais no município de Juiz de Fora, MG, e que abastecem os projetos de reflorestamento na região. As espécies foram identificadas e categorizadas em nativas da Mata Atlântica ou exóticas. Foram encontradas ao todo 147 espécies. Destas, 64 (43,5% do total) foram exóticas, sendo encontradas, com grande frequência (>50%) entre os viveiros, englobando espécies frutíferas com perfil tipicamente comercial, como Psidium guaja), abacate (Persea americana), amora (Morus nigra) e cítricas – laranja, limão e tangerina (Citrus sp.). Também foram registradas algumas espécies consideradas de alto potencial invasor nas florestas Neotropicais, como o Jambo-rosa (Syzygium jambos), comercializada em metade dos viveiros analisados. A presente análise evidencia uma grande produção e comercialização de espécies exóticas de mudas florestais, utilizadas nos projetos de reflorestamento do município, o que não condiz com a legislação florestal vigente e ainda pode ser considerado como grande risco em potencial para invasão biológica.


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