The Vikings in Ireland: longphuirt and legacy

Antiquity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (353) ◽  
pp. 1390-1392
Author(s):  
Julian D. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Research Assistant ◽  
Royal Irish Academy ◽  
Major Task ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Grave Goods

Viking graves and grave-goods in Ireland is the longawaited outcome of the Irish Viking Graves Project, which ran from 1999–2005. The project originated at a conference held in Dublin in 1995, at which the limited understanding of Viking burials was identified as a significant shortcoming of the Irish archaeological record. Stephen Harrison was appointed as Research Assistant, and began the major task of making sense of the antiquarian records of the Royal Irish Academy. The primary aim of this work was the creation of the first accurate and comprehensive catalogue of all Viking graves and grave-goods in Ireland. With this volume, that aim has been handsomely achieved.

scholarly journals I remember. Differences between the Neanderthal and modern human mind

10.4312/dp.25 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Simona Petru
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Mental Time Travel ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Personal Time ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Grave Goods

Modern humans remember things they experience as personal events. An important reason for this personal perception of time is episodic memory, which enables mental time travel. This type of memory could not have been fully evolved in Neanderthals and they might not have imagined their personal past and future. Thus, their archaeological record does not contain durable objects which would be preserved from one generation to another. Their burials also do not include convincing grave goods that indicate a belief that personal time continues after death.

Anglo-Saxon colonization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Rippon
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Wooden Floor ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Grave Goods

Two strands of evidence can be used to map where Anglo-Saxon immigrants made their home in Britain: the distributions of Grubenhäuser and burials furnished with a distinctive suite of Germanic grave goods (which are referred to here as ‘Anglo-Saxon’ burials). Exactly who is buried within ‘Anglo-Saxon’ cemeteries is not altogether clear, as they may include both the immigrant population with their direct descendants and some native Britons (e.g. Arnold 1988; Hodges 1989; Härke 1990; 2002; Higham 1992; Scull 1995; Lucy 2000; Hamerow 2002; Hills 2003; 2007; 2009; 2011), and without major advances in scientific analysis we will never know whether some of those buried were ‘really just disguised Britons’ (Hills 1993, 15). Recent work on ancient DNA at Oakington, in Cambridgeshire, has established that both immigrants and natives were buried in this ‘Anglo-Saxon’ cemetery (Pitts 2016), but in order to determine how far Anglo-Saxon colonization extended across the landscape of eastern England we must rely upon more traditional archaeology. Of particular importance is the distribution of Grubenhäuser, as these distinctive structures had no precedent in late Roman Britain, suggesting that they were constructed and used by immigrant communities. Grubenhäuser are represented in the archaeological record as shallow(c.0.3–0.5m deep), sub-rectangular (c.3 by 4 m), steep-sided, and flat-bottomed pits above which was probably constructed a suspended wooden floor (e.g. Fig. 8.1; Tipper 2004). These distinctive structures have variously been called ‘huts’, ‘sunken huts’, ‘sunken featured buildings’, and ‘SFBs’, although all of these terms are problematic. The term ‘hut’ in particular led to an interpretation that they were crude hovels, whereas, now that examples have been reconstructed, we can see that they were substantial and impressive buildings (Fig. 8.2). The German term Grubenhäuser is used here specifically because it indicates that they were an alien formof architecture: although a number of Romano-British buildingswith sunken floors have been excavated, Tipper (2004, 7–11) has demonstrated that they represent an entirely different building tradition of cellars with revetted sides, entrance stairways, and floors associated with hearths and sunken storage jars (e.g. King Harry Lane in Verulamium: Stead and Rigby 1989).

scholarly journals Getting to the point: making, wayfaring, loss and memory as meaning-making in virtual archaeology

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Michael Carter
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Visual Data ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Virtual Archaeology ◽  
Mesh Work ◽  
The Creation

The initial construction of a digital virtual object is the three-dimensional (3D)point. Using the notions of making, wayfaring, meshwork and agency, this discussion focuses on Ingold’s (2011) theoretical approach to these comments as a means for the construction of archaeological knowledge as applied to the 3D virtual landscape. It will demonstrate that 3D points, whether constructed or captured, can be considered to be agents within an actor network, have agency and are subject to memory and loss within the digital archaeological record. By their interconnections they become a mesh work that can exchange and retain unique attributes of materiality. As such, they challenge our notions of meaning-making beyond the rote actions of visualizing within archaeology to a form that is more theoretically deeper. By viewing the construction and capture and the production of 3D or 2D visual data through a different lens but within theoretical archaeological terms, we can begin to understand our role in the creation of meaning within virtual archaeology.

Evolutionary Perspectives on Emotion: Making Sense of What We Feel

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie S. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

Cognitive therapy typically has focused on cognitive regulators of affects, such as expectations, attributions, beliefs, and schemas (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979). There has been far less focus on the role of affects in the process of the creation of meaning itself. However, the last ten years have witnessed an explosion of research on emotions, including their neuroarchitecture, their physiological regulators, their evolved functions, and the various unconscious algorithms that elicit them (Panksepp, 1998). There is increasing evidence, from different fields of research, for multiple and complex domains of cognition-emotion interaction, both slow and conscious, and fast and unconscious. This article explores some of these themes and indicates why an evolution-based approach to emotions, in hand with an understanding of developmental processes, can enrich our therapies and point to new ways of working directly with emotions.

scholarly journals A 12,000-year-old Shaman burial from the southern Levant (Israel)

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (46) ◽  
pp. 17665-17669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leore Grosman ◽  
Natalie D. Munro ◽  
Anna Belfer-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Rare Opportunity ◽  
Grave Goods

The Natufians of the southern Levant (15,000–11,500 cal BP) underwent pronounced socioeconomic changes associated with the onset of sedentism and the shift from a foraging to farming lifestyle. Excavations at the 12,000-year-old Natufian cave site, Hilazon Tachtit (Israel), have revealed a grave that provides a rare opportunity to investigate the ideological shifts that must have accompanied these socioeconomic changes. The grave was constructed and specifically arranged for a petite, elderly, and disabled woman, who was accompanied by exceptional grave offerings. The grave goods comprised 50 complete tortoise shells and select body-parts of a wild boar, an eagle, a cow, a leopard, and two martens, as well as a complete human foot. The interment rituals and the method used to construct and seal the grave suggest that this is the burial of a shaman, one of the earliest known from the archaeological record. Several attributes of this burial later become central in the spiritual arena of human cultures worldwide.

An Archaeology of the Aesthetic: Slavery and Politics at the Jesuit Vineyards of Nasca

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Brendan J.M. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Aesthetics And Politics ◽  
Colonial Peru ◽  
Administrative Policy ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Aesthetic

This article makes the case for the utility of an aesthetic approach to the archaeological record, drawing on the philosophical work of Jacques Rancière on aesthetics and politics. The case of an archaeology of African slavery on Jesuit vineyards in colonial Peru is offered to explore nuances in power and the production of enslaved subjectivities that become visible through a consideration of aesthetic fields. Of particular interest are the aesthetics of administrative policy as materialized in space and the built environment and enslaved responses through aesthetic interventions. Rather than focusing on the specific meaning or hybridity involved in the creation of the material, a Rancièrean aesthetic approach considers how materials were potentially charged with multiple, sometimes contentious meanings through activation and engagement in the aesthetic experience.

scholarly journals How did that happen? Making sense of the 2016 US presidential election result through the lens of the ‘leadership moment’

Leadership ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Ladkin
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Relational Leadership ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Election Result ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
The Creation

This article analyses the victory of Donald Trump in the 2016 US election through the lens of the ‘leadership moment’. A phenomenologically based framework, the ‘leadership moment’ theorizes leadership as an event which occurs when context, purpose, followers and leaders align. Perception links these four parts of leadership, in particular the perceptions followers have of their context and the relative strengths competing leaders have to respond to that context. By considering how key voters perceived Hilary Clinton and Donald Trump in relation to their circumstances, the ‘leadership moment’ offers a way of making sense of the election result, as well as emphasising the importance of perceptions of context in the achievement of leadership more generally. Importantly, it highlights the economic and identity-based dynamics which attracted voters to Trump, and which remain in play no matter who holds the Presidential office. Theoretically, the argument contributes to the emerging field of relational leadership in two ways: by looking beyond the ‘between space’ of leaders and followers, to include the ‘around space’ in which those relations are embedded, and by emphasizing the role of affective perceptions (rather than discourse) in the creation of those perceptions.

The Thames Valley in the late fifth and early fourth millennium cal bc: the appearance of domestication and the evidence for change

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Barclay ◽  
Gill Hey
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
The Creation

This chapter reviews the evidence for the late fifth and early fourth millennia cal bc in the Thames Valley. Throughout the period under study, there are strong strands of continuity. The utilization of tree-throw holes, the small-scale digging of pits, the creation and abandonment of occupation spreads, and the accumulation of occupation material into middens are common to both periods. However, in the fourth millennium cal bc, communities began to alter their landscape through increasingly substantial building projects: first houses and then monuments. There was more visible treatment of the dead and deposition of human remains. Clearings became more extensive, perhaps largely for pasture, and small cultivation plots were created. Cereals, domesticated animals, new flint tools, and Carinated Bowls are found on all sites from the beginning of the fourth millennium cal bc. It is tempting to try to rationalize this evidence into explanations of either indigenous populations adopting a new way of life, using the evidence of continuity (which is strong); or incomers, pioneer farmers bringing their own material culture and different social practices, as witnessed by the new elements in the archaeological record. But perhaps we should not be thinking in terms of either/or, but rather both.

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