Standard Practice for Selection of Walkway Surfaces When Considering Pedestrian Safety

10.1520/f3132 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Prophets carrying texts by other authors in Byzantine painting: Mistakes or intentional substitutions?

2007 ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubica Popovich
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Byzantine Art ◽  
The Church ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Minor Prophets

Since there are no two identical churches in Byzantine art, consequently there are no two identical iconographic programs. This observation also applies to the representation of prophets in the drums of the domes or in other locations in Byzantine churches. Research dealing with this group of Old Testament figures reveals many variations regarding the planned selection of prophets and choices of the texts that they carry inscribed on their scrolls. This study examines the instances when one of the authors of the prophetic books carries the text by another author. These occurrences are neither frequent nor accidental. Such deviations from standard practice that are explored in this article demonstrate the following: first of all exchanges of text can occur due to the mistake by the artist, as exemplified in the Palace Chapel in Palermo, or by the mistake of the person who inscribed the texts, as in the Chapel of Joachim and Anna in the Monastery Studenica. Secondly, in a number of monuments the text-bearer and the selection of the text by another prophet-author are not accidental. For example, if a number of quotations to be used are chosen from the book by the prophet Isaiah, and he is only represented once, because repetition of the same prophet within a group of Old Testament figures was not practiced, what is to be done? Therefore, other, usually minor, prophets, were selected to hold the scrolls inscribed with the text by other authors, for example Isaiah. Such cases are well documented in the churches of Panagia ton Chalkeon and the Holy Apostles in Thessalonike, and in the church of the Resurrection in Verroia, where the selection of prophets? quotations, usually inspired by the liturgical tradition, furthermore serves to underscore a certain idea of a theological or iconographic nature.

Integrated Risk-Based and Economic-Based (IRBEB) Methodology for Selection of Project Alternatives

2017 ◽  
pp. 459-469
Author(s):  
Yuri Raydugin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Selection Methodology ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Early Phases ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of a most optimal project alternative in early phases of project development is paramount for overall project success. A standard practice is to make the selection based on economic considerations that overlook risk exposure of a selected alternative. Standalone risk evaluation of alternatives cannot ensure that a most optimal alternative is selected either as economic considerations may be overlooked. Moreover, both economic-based and risk-based alternative's selection methodologies cannot guaranty that all viable alternatives have been considered. This chapter introduces integrated risk-based and economic-based (IRBEB) alternative's selection methodology that includes an algorithm to generate a comprehensive set of all viable project alternatives to choose from.

Speeds of Right-Turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersections during Green or Yellow Phase

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110116
Author(s):  
Kay Fitzpatrick ◽  
Michael P. Pratt ◽  
Raul Avelar
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Signalized Intersection ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Curvature Equation ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Preceding Vehicle ◽  
Selection Of

The operation and design of signalized intersections involves tradeoffs between operational efficiency and safety for a variety of users, including motorists, pedestrians, and bicyclists. Additionally, the mix of vehicle types in the fleet sometimes requires special considerations. These concerns especially apply to the selection of curb radius at the corners, where right-turning vehicles operate close to pedestrians. Larger curb radii accommodate the swept paths of trucks and allow right turns to occur at higher speeds but may compromise safety and security for pedestrians by increasing the crossing distance and increasing the frequency of higher-speed turns. The authors collected right-turn vehicle speeds at 31 urban signalized intersection approaches in Texas with radii ranging from 15 to 70 ft. The authors calibrated a model to predict right-turn speeds as a function of site characteristics including curb radius, leading headway, vehicle type (car versus truck), maneuver of the preceding vehicle (through versus right turn), and signal indication (yellow or green). The analysis results indicate that right-turn speeds increase slightly with increasing radius, if the preceding vehicle proceeds through (rather than turning right) at the intersection, or if the signal indication is yellow rather than green. The calculated 85th percentile turning speed is generally higher than the assumed speed calculated using the radius of curvature equation. These trends should be considered if the intersection is expected to have notable volumes of pedestrians or trucks, as lower speeds are desirable for pedestrian safety, but larger radii may be necessary to accommodate turning trucks.

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