Influence of exclusive resistance training on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese children and adolescents: A systematic review update

Purpose: The aim of the present systematic review was to update a previous review, aiming at investigating the effects of exclusive resistance training on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors for obese or overweight children and adolescents and to report the efficiency of whole-body strength training in weight management and obesity prevention during adolescence. Method: Intervention studies that performed isolated resistance training with overweight or obese children and adolescents under 18 years of age were systematically reviewed. Body composition and cardiovascular risk factors constituted as the outcome measurements. Results: Five studies passed the inclusion criteria. All participants in treatment groups undertook supervised whole-body resistance training. The mean compliance was 87%. Four studies reported significant changes in body composition, with a decrease in mass, percentage body fat, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as well as a significant increase in fat free mass. Three studies analysed the effects on cardiovascular risk factors and two reported significant changes with a decrease in systolic blood pressure and IL-6 as well as a significant increase in adiponectin. Conclusion: A strength training intervention appears safe and tends to show positive effects for obese adolescents. Several significant changes were observed. A lack of studies and a small sample size of participants conducting an isolated strength training intervention made a safe interpretation difficult. Due to this, more studies are needed to analyse the role of exclusive resistance training in weight management for obese adolescents and its influence on cardiovascular risk factors.

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Influence of Exclusive Resistance Training on Body Composition and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Children: A Systematic Review

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000341560 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 546-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Pavel Dietz ◽

Sascha Hoffmann ◽

Ella Lachtermann ◽

Perikles Simon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Obese Children

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Assessment and management of severely obese children and adolescents

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2015-309103 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 101 (12) ◽

pp. 1161-1167 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Neil Wright ◽

Jerry Wales

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Severe Obesity ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Obese Children ◽

Severely Obese ◽

The Uk

Approximately 3% of children and adolescents in the UK have severe obesity. The incidence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperinsulinism and hyperlipidaemia approaches 20% in such individuals. Lifestyle intervention programmes and pharmacotherapy are effective in some individuals, but the relapse rate is high. In exceptional cases, bariatric surgery is effective. This review outlines the scale of the problem, highlights those at risk and discusses referral, current services, appropriate screening and therapeutic interventions.

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Effects of Pyramid Resistance-Training System with Different Repetition Zones on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17176115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (17) ◽

pp. 6115

Author(s):

Leandro dos Santos ◽

Alex S. Ribeiro ◽

João Pedro Nunes ◽

Crisieli M. Tomeleri ◽

Hellen C. G. Nabuco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Older Women ◽

Body Fat ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Training System ◽

Whole Body ◽

Significant Group

This study analyzed the effects of the pyramidal resistance training (RT) system with two repetition zones on cardiovascular risk factors in older women (≥60 years old). Fifty-nine older women were randomly assigned in three groups: non-exercise control (CON, n = 19), narrow-pyramid system (NPR, n = 20), and wide-pyramid system (WPR, n = 20). Training was performed for eight weeks (eight exercises for the whole-body, 3x/week) in which NPR and WPR performed three sets of 12/10/8 and 15/10/5 repetitions, respectively. Regional body fat was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood parameters related to glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory profiles were assessed. After the training period, although no difference was observed for the magnitude of the changes between NPR and WPR, significant group by time interactions indicated benefits with RT compared to CON for reducing body fat (mainly android body fat; −7%) and improving glucose, HDL-C, LDL-C and C-reactive protein (p < 0.05). Composite z-score of cardiovascular risk, created by the average of the intervention effects on the outcomes, indicate similar responses between NPR and WPR, differing from CON (p < 0.001). Results indicate that both the repetition zones of the pyramidal RT reduced similarly the cardiovascular risk in older women.

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