scholarly journals Two components from eye tissue that differentially stimulate the growth and development of ciliary ganglion neurons in cell culture

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Nishi ◽  
DK Berg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

scholarly journals Changes in the number of chick ciliary ganglion neuron processes with time in cell culture.

1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
L W Role ◽  
G D Fischbach
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Dissociated Cell Culture ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

The purpose of this study was to describe the shape of chick ciliary ganglion neurons dissociated from embryonic day 8 or 9 ganglia and maintained in vitro. Most of the neurons were multipolar during the first three days after plating, with an average of 6.0 processes extending directly from the cell body. The neurons became unipolar with time. The remaining primary process accounted for greater than 90% of the total neuritic arbor. This striking change in morphology was not due to the selective loss of multipolar cells, or to an obvious decline in the health of apparently intact cells. The retraction of processes was neither prevented nor promoted by the presence of embryonic muscle cells. Process pruning occurred to the same extent and over the same time course whether the cells were plated on a monolayer of embryonic myotubes or on a layer of lysed fibroblasts. Process retraction is not an inevitable consequence of our culture conditions. Motoneurons dissociated from embryonic spinal cords remained multipolar over the same period of time. We conclude that ciliary ganglion neurons breed true in dissociated cell culture in that the multipolar-unipolar transition reflects their normal, in vivo, developmental program.

scholarly journals Resolution of diaminobenzidine for the detection of horseradish peroxidase on surfaces of cultured cells.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 837-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Messing ◽  
A Stieber ◽  
N K Gonatas
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Monolayer Cultures ◽  
Indirect Immunoperoxidase ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

The resolution of indirect immunoperoxidase methods for localizing antigens on the surface of plasma membranes of cultured cells was tested using dissociated monolayer cultures of ciliary ganglion neurons prelabeled with cationic ferritin. Clusters of ferritin were produced on the cell surface by warming the cells to 37 degrees C after the ferritin, rabbit anti-ferritin, and goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin coupled to horseradish peroxidase had all been applied. Intense 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) staining was limited to the regions immediately surrounding the ferritin clusters. The lateral spread of the DAB reaction product beyond the outer ferritin particles in each cluster averaged 54-81 nm in four experiments. A second type of increased density, coinciding with the thickness of the plasma membrane, was also seen. These stained plasma membranes extended 161-339 nm from the ferritin clusters.

scholarly journals Agrin Gene Expression in Ciliary Ganglion Neurons Following Preganglionic Denervation and Postganglionic Axotomy

1995 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 662-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Thomas ◽  
Michele H. Jacob ◽  
Diane K. O'Dowd ◽  
Martin A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

GDNF and neurturin are target-derived factors essential for cranial parasympathetic neuron development

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (19) ◽  
pp. 3773-3782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Hashino ◽  
Marlene Shero ◽  
Dirk Junghans ◽  
Hermann Rohrer ◽  
Jeffrey Milbrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Striate Muscle ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Neuron Development ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Parasympathetic Neuron

During development, parasympathetic ciliary ganglion neurons arise from the neural crest and establish synaptic contacts on smooth and striate muscle in the eye. The factors that promote the ciliary ganglion pioneer axons to grow toward their targets have yet to be determined. Here, we show that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NRTN) constitute target-derived factors for developing ciliary ganglion neurons. Both GDNF and NRTN are secreted from eye muscle located in the target and trajectory pathway of ciliary ganglion pioneer axons during the period of target innervation. After this period, however, the synthesis of GDNF declines markedly, while that of NRTN is maintained throughout the cell death period. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo function-blocking of GDNF at early embryonic ages almost entirely suppresses ciliary axon outgrowth. These results demonstrate that target-derived GDNF is necessary for ciliary ganglion neurons to innervate ciliary muscle in the eye. Since the down-regulation of GDNF in the eye is accompanied by down-regulation of GFRα1 and Ret, but not of GFRα2, in innervating ciliary ganglion neurons, the results also suggest that target-derived GDNF regulates the expression of its high-affinity coreceptors.

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