The Afghanistan Crisis and Pakistan's Security Dilemma

Asian Survey ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Security Dilemma

Enemy Images

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Military

This chapter examines how enemy images are produced and reproduced in relations between two enemies. It identifies four drivers of security competition that block the development of trust. These are: (1) the security dilemma; (2) the problem of offence–defence differentiation; (3) peaceful/defensive self-images; (4) ideological fundamentalism; and (5) uncertainty about future intentions. Using examples such as the military stand-off on the Korean peninsula and the Libyan dismantlement of weapons of mass destruction, the chapter shows how hard it is for face-to-face diplomacy to change enemy images. It also examines the problem of ‘future uncertainty’—the problem of what happens if successor leaders do not share the trust of their predecessors and have malign intent.

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