This introductory chapter provides an overview of New York's near-mythical subway under Second Avenue. Since the 1930s, the line has symbolized New York's inability to modernize its infrastructure and accommodate its residents. While the number of people living and working in New York City has grown, its rapid transit system of underground and elevated rail lines has shrunk. Moreover, while politicians have repeatedly promised a Second Avenue subway to help advance their own careers, they have failed to acknowledge the enormous challenges involved in paying for it. Nevertheless, the first three of sixteen planned Second Avenue subway stations opened to the public on New Year's Day in 2017. On a per-mile basis, the completed section of the Second Avenue subway was the most expensive subway extension ever built anywhere in the world. Given its limited resources, New York has to make tough decisions about prioritizing subway improvements. Ultimately, the Second Avenue subway story reveals how rebuilding and expanding the subway requires visionary leaders. Transportation officials must develop comprehensive plans, civic and business leaders need to generate public support, and elected officials must champion improvements and secure resources.
The Eagle Watchers: Observing and Conserving Raptors around the World.— Ruth E. Tingay and Todd E. Katzner , Eds. 2010. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. 234 pp., 14 color plates, an introductory chapter, 24 species accounts, and 29 author biographies. ISBN 9780801448737. Hardback, $29.95.