The Suspension Bridges of Andrew Smith Hallidie

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
Stephen Mikesell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suspension Bridge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suspension Bridges ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transportation History ◽  
Steel Cables ◽  
Mother Lode

Andrew Smith Hallidie (1836–1900) played a central role in the development of the suspension bridge, not only in California but across the United States. While Hallidie did not invent the suspension bridge, he made improvements in the manufacture of iron and steel cables for such bridges. He also built at least eight substantial bridges, all in remote regions of California and elsewhere in the late 1850s and early 1860s. He made a meaningful contribution to the transportation history of the Mother Lode, building bridges that were able to withstand the ferocious floods that decimated the region during the early 1860s.

Economies of Scale (1848–51)

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-318
Author(s):  
Richard Haw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Suspension Bridge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wire Rope ◽  
Suspension Bridges ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Kentucky River ◽  
The World ◽  
Railroad Bridge

Between 1847 and 1852, John built four separate aqueducts for the Delaware and Hudson Canal; moved his home, family, and wire rope factory from western Pennsylvania to Trenton, New Jersey; secured the contract to build a huge railroad bridge over the Kentucky River; and continued to mount substantial campaigns to win contracts to span the Ohio at Wheeling and the Niagara Gorge. The four D&H spans were mini masterpieces of engineering and planning. Each structure was very different; each required new solutions to site-specific problems. One of the spans, the Delaware Aqueduct, exists to this day, the oldest suspension bridge in the United States and one of the oldest “modern” suspension bridges in the world. On the larger projects, John again lost out to his old rival Ellet on both the Wheeling and the Niagara spans.

New Carquinez Bridge, Northeast of San Francisco, California: Technological Design Advancements

2000 ◽  
Vol 1740 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Thomas Spoth ◽  
Dyab Khazem ◽  
Gregory I. Orsolini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Suspension Bridge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suspension Bridges ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Seismic Safety

The new Carquinez Strait Bridge, northeast of San Francisco, California, will be the first major suspension bridge to be constructed in the United States since the second Chesapeake Bay Bridge in Maryland in 1973. It will replace an existing steel cantilever truss bridge, built in 1927, that was found to be seismically inadequate. The new bridge consists of an orthotropic closed steel box girder superstructure, two main cables 512 mm (20 1/8 in.) in diameter, reinforced concrete towers, and gravity anchorages. The design has set a new standard in modern suspension bridge design in the United States, particularly with respect to seismic safety. Some of the key elements of the design that are discussed are the global design loading criteria for long-span suspension bridges, the design of allowable stresses in main cable wire, the state-of-the-art design detailing of critical welded connections, the finite-element analysis approach for the box girder to determine the actual plate stresses and stress concentrations, and the design of the reinforced concrete tower leg sections for enhanced ductile seismic performance.

Review of A brief history of the United States.

1919 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

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