ON THE FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PITUITARY GLAND AND THE PARATHYROIDS.PART II. CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF PHOSPHATE IN NON-OPERATED RABBITS AND IN THYROPARATHYROIDECTOMIZED RABBITS WITH THE FUNCTION OF THE PARATHYROIDS SUBSTITUTED BY CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE

1949 ◽  
Vol 2 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S27-S44
Author(s):  
NILS TORNBLOM
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Functional Relationship

THE UPTAKE OF (6,7-3H) 17β-OESTRADIOL BY TISSUES OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hawkins ◽  
P. J. Heald ◽  
Patricia Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Adult Bird

ABSTRACT A limited investigation of the distribution of radioactivity in the tissues of the adult laying hen has been made at differing times after intravenous injection of (6,7-3H) 17β-oestradiol. Uptake by all tissues examined was maximal between 2.0 and 4.0 minutes after injection. There was a marked retention of radioactivity by the oviduct and the liver. Of cerebral tissues examined the uptake of radioactivity was greatest in the pituitary gland. This uptake varied according to the physiological state of the bird. Calculations based on the rates of clearance of intravenous (6,7-3H) 17β-oestradiol indicate that in the adult bird the rate of secretion by the ovary is of the order of 1–2.0 mg oestradiol/24 h.

Pharmacokinetics of Synthetic Human Parathyroid Hormone 1-34 in man Measured by Cytochemical Bioassay and Radioimmunoassay

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Kent ◽  
N. Loveridge ◽  
J. Reeve ◽  
Joan M. Zanelli
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Human Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Cytochemical Bioassay ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Transit Times

1. Synthetic human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) 1-34 was given by intravenous injection to two healthy men. The time course of its appearance in and disappearance from the plasma was monitored both by cytochemical bioassay and by a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) system. 2. Immunoreactive N-region parathyroid hormone (iPTH) reached peak concentrations in plasma at 2 min after injection, whereas peak concentrations of biologically active parathyroid hormone (bioPTH) were delayed until 4-6 min. Bioassayable PTH-like activity then disappeared from the plasma (mean transit times 5.8 and 8.6 min), approximately twice as fast as immuno-reactivity. 3. After separate subcutaneous administrations, a calculated 22-37% of administered hPTH 1-34 was subsequently detected in the plasma, by both assay systems. 4. It was not possible to explain fully the non-parallel appearances of bio- and immuno-reactivities in the plasma after intravenous injection nor the non-parallel disappearances after both intravenous and subcutaneous injections on the basis of the present data. It seems likely, however, that in the process of biological degradation the immunoreactive locus is inactivated by a different reaction from that which destroys bioactivity. 5. To investigate these activity dissociations further will require the application of microfractionation procedures in conjunction with both types of assay system.

DIE BEDEUTUNG VON GONADEN UND HYPOPHYSE FÜR DIE WIRKUNG GONADOTROPER HORMONE AUF DIE SCHILDDRÜSENFUNKTION

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (II) ◽  
pp. 176-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hasselblatt ◽  
Ch. Ratabongs
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hormonal Secretion ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

ABSTRACT The effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on the thyroid gland of normal, of gonadectomized and of hypophysectomized infantile rats has been studied. Gonadotrophin treatment stimulated the thyroid of normal and hypophysectomized female rats. A corresponding effect was not observed in gonadectomized female or in normal and gonadectomized male rats. These results show that the gonadotrophic hormones stimulate thyroid function indirectly by increasing the hormonal secretion of the ovaries. An intimate functional relationship between the ovaries and the thyroid gland was thus demonstrated. As the stimulating effect of gonadotrophin treatment was also present in hypophysectomized female rats, it was concluded that the oestrogens act directly on the thyroid gland. Their thyrotrophic action is not mediated by the pituitary gland.

TEMPORAL EFFECTS OF PARATHYROID HORMONE ON SERUM AND URINARY CALCIUM IN THE HAMSTER

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
D. M. BIDDULPH ◽  
L. B. GALLIMORE
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Temporal Effects ◽  
Temporal Aspects

SUMMARY The temporal aspects of calcium addition to blood and renal conservation of calcium were compared in fasted, parathyroidectomized (PTX) hamsters after a single, intravenous injection of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Injection of 110 units of hormone rapidly stabilized urinary excretion of calcium at normal (sham-PTX) levels during a following 3-h period in contrast to the progressive and rapidly occurring hypercalciuria in animals without hormone replacement. Serum calcium concentrations increased rapidly after hormone replacement, rising 3 mg/100 ml within the first 2 h. No further increase was detected after 2 h with a significant decrease in concentration apparent between 3 and 4 h after injection of hormone. Nephrectomy, performed at intervals during the first 2-h period, resulted in significantly increased serum calcium concentrations by 4 h relative to animals with kidneys during the first 2-h period. The magnitude of this increase was directly related to the length of time kidneys were absent during the first 2 h after injection of hormone. These findings indicate that, in the hamster, the effects of PTH on the addition of calcium to blood and conservation of calcium by the kidney occur simultaneously and are both of very short duration (2 to 3 h). These short-lived effects of PTH in this species seem to be due, at least in part, to the participation of a renal influence.

Cyclic AMP Responses to Parathyroid Hormone and Glucagon during Lithium Treatment

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Waller ◽  
J. D. M. Albano ◽  
J. G. B. Millar ◽  
A. Polak
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Dysfunction ◽  
Urinary Cyclic Amp ◽  
Urine Concentrating Ability ◽  
Bovine Parathyroid Hormone

1. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase has been proposed as a mechanism for hypothyroidism and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurring during lithium treatment, but these disorders are rarely found in the same patients. 2. We have measured plasma levels of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) after an intravenous injection of glucagon in eight patients receiving long term lithium treatment and in six control subjects. Urinary cyclic AMP levels after an intravenous injection of bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) were also measured in the patients. 3. The plasma cyclic AMP response to glucagon in the patient group was significantly lower than that of the controls. No correlation was demonstrated between the plasma cyclic AMP response after glucagon and the urinary cyclic AMP response after PTH. 4. We have previously shown that impairment of the response to PTH correlates with reduced urine concentrating ability during lithium treatment. In contrast, there was no correlation between the responses to PTH and glucagon in individual patients. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of adenylate cyclase is an important factor in lithium-induced endocrine dysfunction.

Reversible Resistance to the Renal Action of Parathyroid Hormone in Man

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tomlinson ◽  
G. N. Hendy ◽  
D. M. Pemberton ◽  
J. L. H. O'Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Bovine Parathyroid Hormone

1. Normal subjects showed a highly reproducible, rapid increase in plasma adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) after an intravenous injection of 200 MRC units of highly purified bovine parathyroid hormone. 2. No significant increase in plasma cyclic AMP was observed after administration of bovine parathyroid hormone to patients with severe chronic renal failure. 3. Even when renal function was not impaired, some patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, who had high concentrations of endogenous parathyroid hormone, showed resistance to bovine parathyroid hormone and when this was injected intravenously it caused only a small increase in plasma cyclic AMP. This resistance was reversible since there was marked improvement in the response after parathyroidectomy, when endogenous parathyroid hormone concentration had fallen. 4. It was possible to reproduce this resistance to the hormone by intravenous infusion of bovine parathyroid hormone into normal subjects. When the hormone (1000 MRC units) was infused over 2 h, after an initial increase there was a progressive decline in plasma cyclic AMP concentration and a fall in urinary cyclic AMP excretion. The response to a standard test stimulus (200 MRC units of bovine parathyroid hormone given as a rapid intravenous injection) was examined at intervals after 1000 units of bovine parathyroid hormone had been infused. Initially, the response was severely impaired; at 4 h, partial recovery had occurred and, 24 h after the infusion, recovery of the response was complete. The resistance was therefore reversible. Infusion of the amino-terminal peptide, fragment 1–34, gave the same effect as infusion of intact hormone. Region-specific assays for the hormone were used to show that the concentration of immuno-assayable hormone remained high during the infusions. 5. The mechanism of this reversible resistance to parathyroid hormone remains to be elucidated; it seems unlikely that circulating hormone fragments could account for the prolonged impairment in the responsiveness to the intact hormone. It is possible that alteration in the formation, intracellular degradation or, perhaps, release of cyclic AMP from the cells, is the cause. Changes in the characteristics of the hormone receptor sites might also explain the phenomenon.

DIRECT EFFECT OF HISTAMINE ON CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE PRODUCTION BY ISOLATED DOG ADRENAL CELLS

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HIROSE ◽  
I. MATSUMOTO ◽  
T. AIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Adrenocortical Response

Department of Physiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan (Received 2 September 1977) In the dog, intravenous injection of histamine produces a marked increase in adrenocortical secretion (Suzuki, Hirai, Yoshio, Kurouji & Yamashita, 1963; Papp, Stark, Ács & Varga, 1964; Asano, 1966; Katsuki, Ito, Watanabe, lino, Yuji & Kondo, 1967; Tanigawa, 1967; Narita, 1971; Yamashita, Shimizu, Mieno & Kawao, 1973; Hirose, Matsumoto & Suzuki, 1976; Hirose, Matsumoto, Aikawa & Suzuki, 1977). The adrenocortical response of the dog to histamine was found to be markedly reduced, although not completely eliminated, by hypophysectomy (Hirose et al. 1976, 1977). This indicates that the response, although dependent for the main part on the pituitary gland, may involve a direct effect of histamine on the adrenal cortex or some other extrapituitary factor. In the present study, a direct stimulatory effect of histamine on the adrenal cortex was examined by evaluating the production of cortisol

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