THE UPTAKE OF (6,7-3H) 17β-OESTRADIOL BY TISSUES OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hawkins ◽  
P. J. Heald ◽  
Patricia Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Adult Bird

ABSTRACT A limited investigation of the distribution of radioactivity in the tissues of the adult laying hen has been made at differing times after intravenous injection of (6,7-3H) 17β-oestradiol. Uptake by all tissues examined was maximal between 2.0 and 4.0 minutes after injection. There was a marked retention of radioactivity by the oviduct and the liver. Of cerebral tissues examined the uptake of radioactivity was greatest in the pituitary gland. This uptake varied according to the physiological state of the bird. Calculations based on the rates of clearance of intravenous (6,7-3H) 17β-oestradiol indicate that in the adult bird the rate of secretion by the ovary is of the order of 1–2.0 mg oestradiol/24 h.

Changes in 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase activity in granulosa tissue during the ovulatory cycle of the laying hen (Gallus domesticus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Maximal Plasma ◽  
Steroid Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT The object of this study was to examine changes in the activity of granulosa 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase during the ovulatory cycle of the domestic fowl. The enzyme activity in granulosa tissue from the largest follicle increased significantly during the period 8–14 h before an expected ovulation. The increase in activity occurs before the preovulatory surge of LH and near the time of lights off. During the 4–8 h period before an ovulation, i.e. the time of maximal plasma LH concentrations, 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase activity decreased in granulosa tissue from the largest follicle. This observation is explained by proposing that the enzyme is inhibited by the large amounts of progesterone found in the tissue at this time. The results indicate that important biochemical changes are taking place within granulosa tissue of the largest ovarian follicle before the preovulatory LH surge. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 269–273

scholarly journals Studies on the relation of gonadic structure to plumage characterisation in the domestic fowl.—III. The laying hen with cock's plumage

1927 ◽  
Vol 101 (712) ◽  
pp. 514-518 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
The Many

Among the many fowls exhibiting abnormality of the sex characters which have been presented to this department by breeders sympathetic to the view that a study of the abnormal may lead to a better understanding of the normal processes of development and maintenance, have been two which were in every way similar to the cock which, in 1474, was sentenced by the magistrates of Basle to be burned at the stake “ for the heinous and unnatural crime of laying an egg.” It is recorded that the executioner on cutting open this cock found three more eggs within him, but this has been doubted by some, who have held that it was impossible and absurd, and that these eggs were not formed by nature, but were created by the fevered imagination of the superstitious. Such was the fate of the sexually abnormal even up to the year 1730. But times have changed, and to-day, instead of being burned at the stake, the offender is called upon to make its contribution to our knowledge of the sex physiology of the fowl. The bird (No. 2) now to be described, then a year-old Rhode Island Red, was sent to this department because it was thought to be a cock which laid eggs. It certainly at that time had the plumage characteristic of the male of the breed, was laying actively, and had well developed spurs. But it did not crow ; it did not exhibit the male behaviour, but behaved as a female ; normal cocks did not recognise it as a male, nor did the hens ; its head furnishings were typically female in their size (save about the time of the moult, when they shrank until they were as those of a capon) (see Plate 39).

N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase Activity in Liver, Serum, and Ovaries of Domestic Fowl

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gornall ◽  
A. Kuksis ◽  
L. Pinteric ◽  
Sailen Mookerjea
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Increased Activity

Homogenates of the liver, serum, and ovaries of the laying hen and the liver and serum of the immature pullet were examined for N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. The activity in the liver homogenates was higher in the laying hen than in the pullet while their sera showed similar low levels of enzyme activity. The homogenate of the ovary from the laying hen was also found to contain N-acetylglucos-aminyltransferase. Golgi-rich and Golgi-depleted membrane fractions were prepared from the liver homogenates of both types of fowl and examined in the assay system. The Golgi-depleted membrane fractions from the livers of both laying hen and pullet had higher enzyme activities than the corresponding Golgi-rich fractions. The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activities in both cellular membrane fractions were higher in the laying hen than in the pullet. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase is involved in synthesis of lipoproteins and/or glycoproteins by the liver and the ovary. In contrast to the rat, the hen enzyme did not show increased activity in the presence of added CDP-choline.

THE EFFECTS OF GONADAL HORMONES ON THE LEVELS OF PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE DOMESTIC FOWL

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. HEALD ◽  
K. A. ROOKLEDGE ◽  
B. E. FURNIVAL ◽  
G. D. WATTS
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Random Intervals

SUMMARY Groups of laying mature domestic fowl were injected i.m. with varying doses of either oestradiol benzoate, testosterone propionate or progesterone and were killed at random intervals throughout the day without reference to any specific point in the ovulatory cycle. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was assayed in the anterior pituitaries of each group. It was shown that oestradiol in doses calculated to be equal to or above the physiological level, increased pituitary LH without necessarily affecting the laying cycle. Testosterone had no significant effect on pituitary LH, while progesterone significantly increased pituitary LH at doses which had no apparent effect upon ovulation. Doses effective in the laying hen had little or no effect on the pituitary content of LH in immature birds. The results in the laying hen are in harmony with the concept previously proposed, by which changes in the levels of circulating plasma oestrogens may regulate the ovulatory pattern of the fowl by inhibiting release of pituitary LH.

XX.—Studies on Plumage in the Male Brown Leghorn Fowl

1939 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Adult Bird ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Valuable Data

In recent years intensive investigations on the plumage dimorphism characteristically developed in most breeds of domestic fowl have resulted in a great increase in our knowledge concerning the rôle of the endocrine glands, in particular the thyroid and sex organs, in relation to plumage differences. Since, however, the majority of these researches have been directed to the plumage exhibited by the adult bird, it is suggested that an analysis, both observational and experimental, of the earlier plumage phases shown successively from hatching to maturity might yield much valuable data concerning the nature of the hormonic stimuli involved.

Serotonin and acetylcholine affect the release of prolactin and growth hormone from pituitary glands of domestic fowl in vitro in the presence of hypothalamic tissue

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Hall ◽  
S. Harvey ◽  
A. Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Cholinergic Drugs ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Hypothalamic Tissue

Abstract. Anterior pituitary glands from broiler fowl were incubated alone or with hypothalamic tissue in medium containing either serotonin or serotoninergic drugs, acetylcholine or cholinergic drugs, and the release of prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH) measured by homologous radioimmunoassays. The neurotransmitters and drugs affected the release of hormones from the pituitary gland only when hypothalamic tissue was also present. Serotonin and its agonist quipazine stimulated the release of Prl and inhibited release of GH in a concentration-related manner. The antagonist methysergide blocked the effects of serotonin and quipazine on Prl. Acetylcholine and its agonist pilocarpine also stimulated release of Prl and inhibited release of GH in a concentration-related manner. Atropine blocked these responses. The results show that serotonin and acetylcholine affect pituitary hormone secretion by acting on the hypothalamus. They may stimulate the secretion of a Prl releasing hormone and somatostatin.

THE UPTAKE OF (6,7-3H) 17β-OESTRADIOL BY TISSUES OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL DURING AN OVULATION CYCLE

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hawkins ◽  
P. J. Heald ◽  
Patricia Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Single Intravenous Dose ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Wet Weight

ABSTRACT The uptake of radioactivity by various tissues of the domestic fowl has been studied following a single intravenous dose, at different times during the ovulatory cycle. It has been found that the pituitary gland showed significant cyclical accumulations of radioactivity, when calculated in terms of dpm/mg wet weight, at different stages in the ovulatory cycle, the greatest accumulation being in the period 12–16 hours before the expected ovulation. The results are discussed in relation to the role of oestrogens in the timing of ovulation. It is proposed that oestradiol acts as a major regulator of the timing of ovulation in the domestic fowl.

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