THE IN VIVO METABOLISM OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE BY THE MACAQUE MONKEY (Macaca fascicularis)

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. R. Setchell ◽  
C. H. L. Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
In Vivo Metabolism

ABSTRACT [4-14C] Cortisol was administered intramuscularly to one adult female macaque monkey, MF3 (Macaca fascicularis). To adult female macaque monkey, MF4, [4-14C]corticosterone was administered intramuscularly. Urine samples were collected and the metabolites excreted identified using gas chromatography, radio-gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The principal metabolites of cortisol were identified as glucuronide conjugates of 11-oxygenated-17-oxosteroids. The excretion of tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone relative to the other corticosteroid metabolites was low compared with that of man. Two compounds, 3β-cortol and 3β-cortolone not normally present in human urine were identified in the urine from this species. The principal metabolites of corticosterone were glucuronide conjugates of hexahydroCompound A and hexahydrocorticosterone. Two unidentified radioactive compounds were also present.

THE CHARACTERIZATION OF POLAR CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE URINE OF THE MACAQUE MONKEY (MACACA FASCICULARIS) AND THE BABOON (PAPIO HAMADRYAS)

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. R. Setchell ◽  
N. P. Gontscharow ◽  
M. Axelson ◽  
J. Sjövall
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Excretion Pattern ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACT Computerised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed in the identification of polar corticosteroid metabolites excreted in the urine from the macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis) and the baboon (Papio hamadryas). The following steroids were identified in significant amounts in the urine from both species: 3α,17α,20α,21-tetrahydroxy-5β-pregnan-11-one; 3α,17α,20β,21-tetrahydroxy-5β-pregnan-11-one; 5β-pregnane-3α,11β,17α,20α,21-pentol; 5β-pregnane-3α,11β,17α,20β-pentol; 5α-pregnane-3β, 11β, 17α,20β,21 -pentol. 11β,17α,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (cortisol), 11β,17α,20β,21-tetrahydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 11β, 17α,20β,21 -tetrahydroxy-5ξ-pregnan-3-one were identified in macaque monkey urine. Two steroids, 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnane-3,11-dione and 17α,20α,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,11-dione were excreted as major C21 metabolites in the baboon but were not identified in the urine from the macaque monkey. 3β-Hydroxy-5α-pregnane metabolites were identified in the urine from both species. All these steroids were excreted conjugated to glucuronic acid, evidenced by their recovery after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase enzyme. An efficient 20β-reduction of corticosteroids in both species is apparent, and the excretion pattern of polar steroid metabolites in the two species was shown to be similar.

Urinary metabolites of thromboxane and prostacyclin in diabetes mellitus

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gréen ◽  
O. Vesterqvist ◽  
V. Grill
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diabetic State ◽  
In Vivo Synthesis

Abstract. The in vivo synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin was estimated in 23 diabetics through measurements of the major urinary metabolites 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mean excretion was similar to that in non-diabetic subjects. The possible influence of hyperglycemia on the excretion of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α was evaluated in three ways: by measuring excretion before and during an acute 9-h normalization of hyperglycemia through an artificial pancreas (Biostator) as well as by comparing excretion before and 7–12 days or 40–180 days after the initiation of insulin treatment. Despite significant reducing effects on hyperglycemia or on levels of hemoglobin A1c, no effects on the excretion of the thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites could be found. Abnormal formation of thromboxane or prostacyclin is not a generalized feature of the diabetic state.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Achyranthes Root Over Al-MCM-41

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 4081-4084
Author(s):  
Seul-Bee Lee ◽  
Young-Min Kim ◽  
Ji-Hui Park ◽  
Young-Kwon Park
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acidic Properties ◽  
Achyranthes Root ◽  
Formation Efficiency ◽  
Mcm 41

This study examined the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of waste Achyranthes Root (AR) using pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The non-catalytic pyrolysis of waste AR produced various kinds of oxygenates, such as acetic acid, hydroxy propanone, furfural, phenol, cresol, guaiacols, syringols, and so on. By applying nanoporous Al-MCM-41 with acidic properties and mesopores to the pyrolysis of waste AR, the levels of furan and aromatic hydrocarbons production increased with a concomitant decrease in the other oxygenates. The formation efficiency of furans was improved further by increasing the amount of Al-MCM-41 applied to the catalytic pyrolysis of waste AR.

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